And Brodsky biography

Disable on the page of Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky to disconnect on all pages of the authors to preserve the biography-Joseph Brodsky Joseph Aleksandrovich Brodsky-Russian and American poet, essayist, playwright, translator, Nobel laureate in the literature of the year, US Laurant Paul-years. Poems wrote mainly in Russian, essays in English. He has a reputation as one of the largest Russian poets of the 20th century.

Joseph Brodsky was born on May 24 in Leningrad, in the clinic of Professor Tura on the Vyborg side. Father, Alexander Ivanovich Brodsky - was a military photojournalist, in the year, as part of the "cleaning" of the officer corps from Jews, he was demobilized, after which he worked as a photographer and journalist in several Leningrad newspapers. Mother, Maria Moiseevna Volpert - ...

worked as an accountant. The early childhood of Joseph was in the years of the war, blockade, then - post -war poverty and tightness, passed without a father. In the year, after the besieged winter, Maria Moiseevna and Joseph went into evacuation in Cherepovets. The aesthetic views of Brodsky were formed in Leningrad of the forties and fifties. Neoclassical architecture, which suffered from the bombing, endless prospects of the St.

Petersburg outskirts, water, the multiplicity of reflections - the motives associated with these impressions of his childhood and youth are invariably present in his work. In the year, in the incomplete sixteen years, having graduated from seven classes and starting the eighth, Brodsky threw the school and entered the militian student at the Arsenal factory. This decision was connected with both problems at school and with the desire of Brodsky to financially support the family.

He tried to go to the school of submariners unsuccessfully. At the age of 16, he caught up the idea of ​​becoming a doctor, a month worked as an assistant picker in the morgue at the regional hospital, anatomized corpses, but in the end he abandoned his medical career. In addition, within five years after leaving the school, Brodsky worked as a stoker in a boiler room, a sailor in a lighthouse, workers in five geological expeditions.

At the same time, he read a lot, but randomly - primarily poetry, philosophical and religious literature, began to study English and Polish. In the city of Brodsky with friends, he considered the possibility of fleeing the USSR by hijacking an airplane, but then refused this plan. Gorky with the participation of A. Kushner, Gorbovsky, V. The reading of the poem "Jewish cemetery" caused a scandal.

In the year, Brodsky met the young artist Marina Marianna Basmanova. The first verses with the dedication of "M. They finally broke up in the year after the birth of the common son Andrei Basmanov. Pursuit and a reference on November 29 in the newspaper "Evening Leningrad" appeared the article "Current Truck", signed by Lerner, Medvedev and Ionin. In the article, Brodsky branded for a "parasitic lifestyle." Of the poetic quotes attributed by the authors of Brodsky, two were taken from Bobyshev’s poems, and the third, from Brodsky’s poem, “procession”, was the endings of six lines, from which the first halves were cut off.

Another poem was distorted by the authors of the feuilleton as follows: the first line “Love the Motherland of Friends” and the latter “Pity the Passing the Motherland of Alien” were combined into one, “I love the homeland of others”. It was obvious that the article was a signal for persecution and, possibly, the arrest of Brodsky. Nevertheless, according to Brodsky, more than slander, subsequent arrest, court and sentence, his thoughts were at that time a break with Marina Basmanova.

For this period, there is an attempt to suicide. Since that time, Brodsky constantly suffered from angina pectoris, which always reminded him of a possible close death, this did not prevent him from remaining an avid smoker. In many ways, from here “Hello, my aging! That turned out to be long ”at 40 - with his diagnosis, the poet was really not sure that he would live before this birthday.

Two trips of the court over Brodsky were referenced by Frida Vigdorova and compiled the content of the White Book that spread in Samizdat. In August and September, several Joseph poems were published in the Konoshsky district newspaper "Call". The trial of the poet became one of the factors that led to the emergence of a human rights movement in the USSR and to strengthen attention abroad to the situation with human rights in the USSR.

At the end of the year, the letters in defense of Brodsky were sent by D. Shostakovich, S. Marshak, K. Chukovsky, K. Paustovsky, A. Twardowski, Yu. After a year and a half, the punishment was canceled under the pressure of the world community in particular, after applying to the Soviet government of Jean-Paul Sartra and a number of other foreign writers.

In September, on the recommendation of Chukovsky and Boris Vakhtin, he was admitted to the writers' trade union at the Leningrad branch of the USSR Writers Union, which made it possible to avoid accusations of parasitism. In the year, a large selection of Brodsky’s poems and the transcript of the court were published in the Almanac “Air Road-IV” New York.The emigration on May 12 of Brodsky was summoned to the OVIR of the Leningrad police and put before the choice: emigration or “hot money”, that is, prisons and a psychiatric hospital.

By that time, Brodsky had to spend several weeks in psychiatric hospitals twice, which was much worse for him to prison and exiles. Having chosen the emigration, the poet tried to delay the day of departure as much as possible, but perhaps, in connection with the visit of Nixon, the authorities wanted to take it as quickly as possible. There, in Austria, he was represented by U.

Oden, at the invitation of which he first participated in the International Poetry International Poetry Festival in London in July G. Subsequently, Brodsky spared that he did not own English well enough, so that his contribution to the conversation with the clothes was reduced to the same type of issue. On the same visit, the poet meets Isaia Berlin. A month after that, he began to work as an invited professor at the Department of Slavicism of the University of Michigan in Ann-Arbor: he taught the history of Russian literature, Russian poetry of the 20th century, the theory of verse.

He moved to New York in the year. The Brodsky, who did not even graduate from schools, worked in a total of six American and British universities, including in Columbia and in New York. Continuing to write in English, “to be closer ... to Oden,” received wide recognition in the scientific and literary circles of the United States and Great Britain, and was awarded the Order of the Honorary Legion in France.

He was engaged in literary translations into Russian in particular, translated the play by Tom Stoppard “Rosencrantz and Guildenster are dead” and on English - poems of Nabokov. In the year, the Brodsky’s essay “Less than One” written in English was recognized as the best literary and critical book of the year in the United States. In the year, Brodsky became the laureate of the Nobel Prize in literature, which was awarded to him for "comprehensive creativity, saturated with the purity of thought and the brightness of poetry." In Stockholm, to the interviewer’s question, whether he considers himself a Russian or American, Brodsky replied: “I am a Jew, a Russian poet and an English essayist.” Brodsky was also the laureate of the scholarship of MacArthur, the National Book Prize and was elected the library of Congress poet-laureate of the United States.

Brodsky’s parents filed a statement twelve times asking them to be allowed to see their son together or separately, but even after Brodsky underwent an open heart operation in the year and an official letter was written from the clinic with a request to allow parents to come to the United States to care for a sick son, they were refused. Brodsky’s mother died in the year, a little more than a year later his father died.

Both times, Brodsky was not allowed to come to the funeral. The “performance” was written in the year. Parents are dedicated to “The thought of you is deleted as a squeezed servant ...”, “The father’s memory: Australia, the essay“ One and a half rooms ”with the beginning of perestroika in the USSR began to publish Brodsky’s poems, literary and journalistic articles about the poet.

In the X years, books began to be published. In the year, Brodsky was awarded the title of honorary citizen of St. Petersburg. The invitations followed to return to their homeland. Brodsky postponed the visit: he was embarrassed by the publicity of such an event, honoring, the attention of the press, which would accompany his visit. One of the last arguments was: "The best part of me is already there - my poems." The motive of return and irreversible is present in his verses of the 10ths, in particular, in the poems “Letter to Oasis”, “Itaka”, “We lived in the city of petrified vodka ...”, and in the last two - as if the return really had happened.

In the year, Brodsky married the Russian-Italian translator Maria socialist. He spoke English with their common daughter. Brodsky died of a heart attack on the night of January 28 in New York. He was buried in one of his favorite cities-Venice-in the cemetery of the island of San Michele. In the year, a close friend of Brodsky, the Laureate of the Nobel Prize, the poet Derek Walcott wrote the poem “The Prodigal”, which has many times mentioned Brodsky.

In November, in the courtyard of the Faculty of Philology of St. Petersburg University according to the project of K. Simun, the first monument to Joseph Brodsky was erected in Russia. Detailed biography.