Fable biography

Krylov Ivan with his fables, resting in common sense and everyday wisdom, literally all read out, regardless of age and class. The phrases of Krylov’s heroes scattered in the form of proverbs and saying throughout the huge country and, on occasion, were enjoyed with pleasure in speech as a true and vivid image. The earliest memories of the writer are during the Pugachev uprising: in the winter of the year, Little Ivan, together with his mother, sat behind the walls of the besieged by the rebels of Orenburg, while his father defended the Yaitsky town of Uralsk in the north of Kazakhstan.

After the pacification of the uprising, Captain Krylov resigned and went to the civil service, the family moved to Tver. They lived not richly, but after death in the year of the head of the family - and quite scarce. All concerns about the children lay on the shoulders of the widow of Marya Alekseevna, who, from the age of nine, was helped by Ivan, actually arranged to work as an assistant clerk in the official ward.

The education of Ivan Krylov, the future fabulist did not receive a formal education. He was taught to literacy by his mother, the skills of French - the tutor of the Tver governor. The main teachers of Krylov were books and zeal. Thanks to them, he learned to read and write in German, in English and Italian, acquired wide knowledge in mathematics, history, and European literature.

In addition, Krylov had a talent for drawing and music - he loved to play the violin, he knew theory. Refined connoisseurs listened to his judgments about painting. In the year, along with F. Lvov, with the family of which the Krylovs maintained close relations in Tver, Ivan moved to St. Petersburg. Lviv, through whom he got access to the capital's literary circle: he transferred the fable of Jean de Lafontaine, for which he was awarded the praise of experts.

Soon Krylov was introduced to G. Derzhavin and Y. In September, he received a place in the state ward, and soon the first rank - a provincial secretary. When the mother died in the year, the summer young man sheltered in St. Petersburg the younger brother of Leo, whom he had cared for for many years. The beginning of the creative activity of Ivan Krylov, the move to St.

Petersburg made a strong impression on an inquisitive young man. By the age of 15, he came across an ardent theatrical theater - he spent all his free time behind the scenes and made many acquaintances among the artists. Moreover, Krylov was carried away by the composition of tragedies, comedies and operas, one of which, “writer in the hallway”, was set in the year.

After the first literary successes, Krylov left the service and focused on the theater. The works of Krylov of the late XG. The young writer got fables much better. In - gg. The grotesque and comic sketches of modern morals performed by Krylov did not spare anyone - there were a lot of hints of orders of the courtyard, corruption in the empire, and damage to morals.

So, in the “commendable speech in memory of my grandfather”, the author sharply hit the landowner habit of cherishing dogs and horses more than serfs. In the year, against the backdrop of the struggle against the Jacobinism, Mercury was closed, and Krylov, who fell under the unspoken supervision of the police, left writing for many years. Ivan Andreevich lived either in the capitals, then in the province, for several years he served as a personal secretary of Prince S.

Golitsyn, gained fame as a successful card player, but almost did not write. The work of Ivan Krylov idealistic educational views of the poet crashed at the end of the reign of Catherine II. After a large break in the creative biography, Krylov returned to literature with a completely different philosophy of life, now believing that the writer is not able to remake the centuries-old foundations of society, and everything that remains him is an ironically-observed look at reality.

Instead of knightly nobility, prudent practicality appeared, instead of book wisdom - sobriety. Although at the beginning of the XIX century, some new plays of Krylov “Pill”, “Pie”, “Lazy”, “Lesson to Daughters” and others appeared in the lists and on stage, the real recognition came only in the year. Since the year, Krylov was seriously carried away by the genre of fable - at first the masterful arrangement of the works of ancient and Western authors, then independent composition - and after the first separate collection received deafening recognition.

In the future, he wrote only fables, where the talent of an supervisor and a naive storyteller fully revealed. The fables of Krylov, their “peasant” vernacular style, became the object of a hot literary discussion. As a result, Krylov’s innovation was recognized as critic, and his works took a worthy place among the masterpieces of Russian literature. It is important to note that the fables were written by Krylov almost always for a specific reason, allegorically telling about topics that excite society.

This gave the presentation an actual satirical shade and instantly made fresh works popular. So, in the year, the “Quartet” fable was a reflection of the dissatisfaction of the Higher Belarus by the policy of Alexander I regarding Napoleon on the eve of the Patriotic War, in the year the Bulat fable turned out to be a reaction to the resignation of the governor in the Caucasus of General A.Ermolova, “Demyanov’s ear” in the year parody of D.

Bibliography of the works of Krylov includes, among other things, nine collections of fables published from the GG. The total number of fables in them significantly exceeds two hundred. The author’s instructive remarks towards smug mediocrity and arrogant stupidity became winged, and the general circulation of his works in the 19th century for the first time among Russian writers far exceeded a million.

The recognition of Krylov was universal - he was quoted by the people, approved by brothers on Peru, patronized nobles. In February, Ivan Andreevich was assigned a pension, later increased several times, in the year, as an exception, he was granted the rank of state adviser, in and GG. Vladimir IV degree and St. Stanislav II degree. C to gg. Krylov did not occupy the most troublesome and non -binding position of the librarian in the imperial public library.

Nevertheless, despite the goodness of the powers of this world, Krylov always tried to stay independently. He maintained even relations between the warring writers' circles - he visited A. Shakhovsky, N. Kukolnik, S. Uvarova, N. Grech, as well as A. Griboedov, A. Pushkin, P. Vyazemsky, V. In the year in St. Petersburg they widely noted the literary activity of the famous fabric.

The family and personal life of Ivan Krylov Krylov was never married. It is only known that in the year, due to extreme poverty, he could not get married with the daughter of a priest from the Bryansk region, and during the years of fame he had an illegitimate daughter from his cook. The prejudices of society and personal views did not allow the writer to announce the child officially, but he cared about Alexander Petrovna Ivanova, recorded by the daughter of a certain non-commissioned officer, gave her a large dowry and rewrote his property to her family.

In the light of “Grandfather Krylov”, he had a reputation as an insightful person who comprehended everything in this world, and therefore calmly dozing on all kinds of evenings. The only passion with which the sage failed to control was food. Krylov liked to eat not only tasty and diverse, but also a lot, like Gargantua and Pantagruel. Then he came in a wonderful mood and became talkative and witty.

Excessive obesity did not interfere with the cheerful location of the spirit, but almost deprived the writer of walks. His day took place in chairs, reading magazines, smoking cigars, communicating with visitors. Even a day before the death, he did not feel any malaise, but in the morning of November 9, on November 21, he felt severe pain in his stomach and chest, after which he asked the servant to put him in bed.

On the same day, the great fabulist was gone. The last desire of the writer was the newsletter of the invitation to his own funeral in the form of a special mourning publication of fables. The funeral service of Ivan Andreevich Krylov took place in the Isaac's Cathedral, which did not accommodate everyone to say goodbye. Crowds of people filled Nevsky Prospekt.

Katafalk proceeded to the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, where the writer found his last refuge. In the year in the Summer Garden, a magnificent monument was erected to Krylov’s work of sculptor P. The significance of the work of Ivan Krylov, of course, the fables became the main achievement of Krylov. In them, Ivan Andreevich managed, in the words of N. Gogol, to express a popular look at the things “purely Russian bend of the mind”.

The introduction into the circulation of everyday vocabulary and colloquial speech allowed the author to get rid of the coat of book, give the narrative living breathing, sparkling humor, and laid -back irony. Essentially, along with N. Karamzin and A. Pushkin, Krylov became the “renewal” of the Russian literary language, finding himself at the origins of the greatest heyday of Russian literature.

The famous works of Ivan Krylov, many fables of Krylov, thanks to the aphoristic and accuracy of the images, have become so famous that they scattered into quotes, and the most popular adaptations were awarded. In the year, director V. Stenevich removed the first cartoon "Dragonfly and Ant", in the x. Tatar took off his unforgettable "plasticine crow." Bibliography of the works of Ivan Krylov.