Osipov Mandelstam biography

Osip Mandelstam is one of the largest Russian poets of the twentieth century, a writer, literary critic, translator and essayist. Briefly about the author of Osip Emilievich Mandelstam was born on January 15 in Warsaw, Poland, in a Jewish family. His father, Emili Veniaminovich, was a merchant of the first guild, and his mother, Flora Ovseevna, was a musician.

Thanks to the position of Father, Mandelstam could live outside the “settledness features”: up to a year, Jews were forbidden to live in many territories of the Russian Empire, only representatives of some professions were the exception. In the year, the family moved to Petersburg. From the year, Osip studied one of the best schools - the Tenishevsky commercial school. There he wrote his first verses, became interested in music and theater.

Later, Mandelstam went abroad: he listened to lectures at the Sorbonne, studied at Heidelberg University, traveled to Switzerland and Italy. In Paris, he met one of his closest friends - Nikolai Gumilyov. The creative path in the year of Mandelstam's poems were printed in the magazine Apollo. A year later, a young poet became a student at the University of St. Petersburg History and Philology.

Osip not only published his works, but also performed on the scenes of local literary and artistic boar. In the year, the first collection of Mandelstam poems called "Stone" was published. After the revolution, the writer began to live in Moscow, but was often forced to move due to hunger, stopped in Tiflis and Crimea. In Kyiv, he met Nadezhda Khazina, whom he took in his wife in the year.

Then the collection of poems “Tristia”, dedicated to hope, went into print. From the year, Osip Emilievich almost did not publish poetry, since editors and publishers began to refuse him. Instead, he took up the writing of literary articles, translated a lot, wrote works for children and novels for adult readers.

Mandelstam even independently learned the Italian language. In the year, the Leningrad magazine "Star" printed "Journey to Armenia" by Mandelstam. In this work, the poet spoke sharply to the entire USSR and specific public figures. In the publications Pravda and the Literary Gazeta, devastated critical articles came out. The same year, Mandelstam read the poem Boris Pasternak, which is today called his most famous creation: “We live under us, without feeling the country ...”.

Boris Leonidovich called this verse not a literary, but a suicidal fact. Osip Emilievich destroyed the recordings of the poem, which the family and friend of the family learned by heart. Later they asked friends to remember this work: "We will die, and you will give it to people later." They reported to Mandelstam. First, the poet was sent to Cherdyn-on-kama, then he moved to Voronezh, where he worked in theaters and periodicals.

When the exile was over, Mandelstams moved to Kalinin, but soon the poet was arrested again and sentenced to five years of camps for counter -revolutionary activities. Osipa Emilievich was sent to the Far East. Similar authors.