Biography D definos

Defoe is one of the initiators of the English and European realistic novel of the Enlightenment.

Instead of the usual sentimental novels with their idealized heroes, fantastic adventures and exotic surroundings, Defoe offered a pleasant recognition of the already famous world and sent a novel at a realistic course. Defoe came to the literature relatively late, after the career of a businessman and publicist. His father owned a candle factory in London, his name was James CHAMS Having reached the middle age, Defoe added an aristocratic prefix to his last name; He finished his son to the priests; The family was Puritan and professed the views of the so -called dissidents, opponents of the dominant Church of the Church.

Delivered due to his non -conformist religion from university education, Defoe studied at the Puritan Theological Academy in the suburbs of London. In the year, he married the daughter of a wealthy Bondar and began to trade in various goods, including hosiery, wine and tobacco. Commerce continued to attract him throughout her life, and at the same time allowed to see English life and customs from all points of view.

However, the interests of Defoe were too diverse to limit themselves only to trade. In the year, he took part in the uprising of the Duke of Monmouth against Jacob II, but was pardoned when the rebellion was suppressed. In the year, the war with France became the cause of financial losses - ships, driving the goods for him, were captured by the enemy - and Defoe went bankrupt.

In the X years, a long and fruitful career of the writer began for Defoe. His political pamphlets, the most famous of which was a “purebred Englishman” a poem that ridicules anti -human sentiment among the British, caused the attention of society. For the pamphlet “The shortest way of reprisal against dissidents”, the topic of which was the question of the freedom of religion, Defoe was put in a Newgate prison, as an instigator and a freethinker; Several times he was set to a shameful pillar.

Defoe was released thanks to the intervention of Robert Harley, the speaker of the House of Commons, the Minister and later-the Prime Minister, who used Defoe as a secret agent to collect information in England and Scotland, as a kind of internal spy. In the year, working for the government, Defoe edited and wrote articles for his famous periodic publication “Revoy”, which lasted up to a year.

As a publicist, Defoe worked without turning his hands, maintaining a connection with various periodic publications, illuminating current events in the country and abroad. In the year, Defoe tries himself in the field of the author of artistic prose. Starting with Robinson Crusoe, Defoe wrote a number of artistic biographies, memoirs and autobiographies, including two continuations of the book about the adventures of Kruzo, the naval adventure novel “Captain Singleton”, the Plutovsky novel “Mall Flenders”, “The Diary of the Plague Year”, the novels Colonel Jack and Roxanne, his amazing writer's career, he He completed the creation of two reference books - the guide “Journey throughout the island of Great Britain” and “Complete leadership for the English merchant”, telling novice merchants and shopkeepers about how to succeed in their business.

And in that and in another novel, Defoe demonstrates his artist’s art, but he attracted the reader not the ability to create an intricate plot, but by the ability to entertain the description of ordinary details of life. Defoe depicted the environment and conditions of the existence of heroes in great detail, with great observation, trying to create the impression that everything described in the novel is a reliable story of a really existing face.

In his artistic prose, Defoe resorts to the help of a publicist talent to interest the reader with the actual side of history. Defoe did not attach much importance to the style, deliberately brought the language of the book to the living colloquial language of his time. More about Daniel Defoe.