Victor Yakzhik Biography

News on July 4 in Belarus in the year of the total number of children adopted from 3 to 16 years old, 85 were pupils of children's boarding schools - foster and guardian families. An analysis of the existing practice of adoption shows that many difficulties in the family arise precisely in the post -Satigation period. Adaptation is the most crucial stage of the child’s entry into the family of adoptive parents.

At the same time, in Belarus there is a tendency to increase the number of children adopted over the age of three years. So, if in the year 67 of children was over three years old, then in a year from a child - already children. The decree "On state support for families who adopted the adopted children" was aimed at ensuring the more comfortable passage of this period in the family, Viktor Yakzhik, Deputy Minister of Education, told BelTA.

Among scientists involved in the study of the socio-psychological adaptation of the child in the foster family, there is no consensus on how much time this process takes in families who have accepted the child-orphans to educate. In relation to foster families, some researchers distinguish three periods of adaptation: the first - the initial adaptation period lasts a month, the result of which is considered the consent or disagreement of the child to further accommodation in the foster family; The second is the period of regression, the time of "close acquaintance", mutual adaptation, finding points of contact lasts months and the third - the period of progress, adaptation processes prevail over the processes of maladaptation lasts from 1 year to 3 years.

The transfer to adoption of children over the age of 3 years creates significant difficulties for the child and his new family in the implementation of family adaptation in the first stages of life together. After all, the older the child, the longer and pain he gets used to the new environment. Based on life experience, the process takes place like this - immediately upon leaving the orphanage of an adopted child over the age of 3 years, it is necessary to arrange in the institution of preschool or general secondary education, since the right to be on the parental care of the adoptive parents is already absent.

The adoptive parents faces a number of tasks requiring immediate solution: registration with the registry office, registration with healthcare organization, buying clothes, furniture, other household items to ensure a comfortable child in the family, etc. Working adoptives who have accepted children over 3 years of age, are not able to accustom the child to changes in his life caused by adoption, and due to which the child is long -term time He does not understand what happened to him.

To get used to new family conditions, such a child needs to spend as much time as possible with the adoptive parent. And at the same time, adoptive parents could use only labor leaves to solve the designated problems, the term of which with rare exceptions on average is 30 calendar days. During the meeting on the discussion of the possibility of providing leave to the adoptive parent with the participation of ministries of education, labor and social protection, finance, the National Center for Legislation and Legal Studies, representatives of interested republican government bodies, a unified position was adopted on the need to provide users for the period of adaptation of a child in the family.

Considering that the analysis of scientific research on the process of adaptation of the child in the family of adoptive parents does not give an unambiguous assessment of the optimal period that is necessary for the formation of a successful atmosphere in the family of adoptive parents at the first stages of life together with an adopted child, a single opinion was formed about the possibility of providing a vacation to the adoptive parent without a period of not more than 3 calendar months.

The decree provides adoptive parents with a new type of state support in the form of a short -term vacation right without salary up to 90 calendar days. This vacation can be used by one of the adoptive parents in adoption of a married couple, the only adoptive parent within 6 months from the date of the court decision on adoption. Thus, within a six -month period from the date of adoption, parents can use the labor leave and vacation provided in connection with the adoption of the child.

In addition, the decree establishes a new type of material support for families who adopted adopted children under 16 years of age, in the form of an additional one -time monetary payment. With the aim of material support for such a family, in the case of a parent’s use of short -term leave lasting at least 30 calendar days, the monthly cash payments for the first month attached to such a vacation will be paid in a double amount.The document also establishes for adopted children until they reach the age of 16 years of age, monthly cash payments, which are carried out in the manner and size provided for by law for orphans and children left without parental care, brought up in families.

At the same time, the document clearly regulates the circle of adopted adopted children who are entitled to such support. Payments will be assigned only for adopted orphans and children left without parental care. That is, there will be no discrepancies and unreasonable appeals of citizens for cash payments regarding the adopted children of their spouse. It is clarified that payments will be appointed only to children permanently residing before adoption in the territory of the Republic of Belarus.

This measure is quite justified, since state support is aimed at stimulating national adoption and reducing the number of orphans and children left without parental care. In the year, out of the total number of children adopted from the age of 3 to 16 years, 85 were pupils of children's boarding schools - foster and guardian families. At the same time, 84 children from the foster, guardian families are adopted by their former foster parents or guardians, respectively, these families will not have the right to additional state support measures in the form of short -term leave and additional monthly payment.

Thus, persons who adopted children could have the right to additional support in the form of short -term leave and additional cash payment. Financing expenses for the state support of orphans, children left without parental care is carried out at the expense of the republican and or local budgets, as well as other sources in the manner prescribed by law. At the same time, the least costly from an economic point of view is the state support of orphans and children left without parental care, in a guardian, foster family, and an orphanage of a family type.

The state support of orphans and children left without parental care, arranged for upbringing in a replacing family, consists of: monthly cash payments for food, clothing, shoes, soft inventory and equipment, textbooks, textbooks and accessories, personal hygiene items, other first necessities, for personal expenses of children; reimbursable expenses to replacement families for payment for the use of residential premises, maintenance, payment of utility services hot and cold water supply, sewage, gas, electric and thermal energy, use of elevators, removal of solid waste, payment of fuel, use of the apartment telephone, except for the intercity and international conversations, household services of the laundry services, household services, household services, household services.

hairdressers, for the repair of shoes associated with the content of orphans, children left without parental care. It should also be borne in mind that orphans and children left without parental care are provided by content until adulthood is reached. The equality of rights and guarantees in the field of labor legislation, employment, in the field of social security will allow parents to carry out labor activities and fulfill their duties not only in relation to relatives, but also adopted children.

Author: Julia Vanina.