Biography of Leo Knipper

Eh, yes the Red Army Heroes! Utesova and the Red Banner Ensemble of the Army. Many considered her folk, which was the highest success for the author. The song received wide recognition of the song: it was performed at the opening of the first international youth conference in London, even the emigrant choir of the Don Cossacks under the control of Sergey Zharov, instead of the “Red Army,“ sang Heroes ”, and others.

The special success fell to the“ Pole ”during the performance during the performance during the performance. Red Banner Ensemble of the Red Army in Paris in the year. And we, Russians, cried so directly. After all, all of Russia in this song, old and new, all Russian glory ... ”recalled the writer L. Lyubimov, who then lived in France. The world famous conductor Leopold Stokovsky called the “Polyushko-Paul” the best song of the century.

Knipper's song entered the Golden Fund of Soviet Music, and now it is performed by the ensemble them. Alexandrova and other groups. In the year, Leo married the daughter of the famous architect Lyubov Zalesskaya, a year later they had a son Andrei, who later became a large geophysicist, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Knipper on Pamir. In the Caucasus.

Photos from the book of T. since the year, when Knipper with a friend visited Svanitia, the second after music became a mountain, seriously and for a long time a passion for mountaineering came. And I think that the main thing in mountaineering for me in any case is not the conquest of the peaks, but the conquest of himself since then at the first opportunity he went to the mountains, conquered many peaks of the Caucasus, worked for several seasons as an instructor in the Alpregers Rot Front, Lokomotiv and Bolshevik, cooked the Red Army, and was engaged in ski sports.

All these years, according to E. at the end of X, he became interested in the young beautiful woman Marina Garikovna Melikova, whose father was the main tsarist prosecutor in Tiflis, was forgiven by Beria in exchange for cooperation after the revolution. Marina worked in the OGPU since the beginning of X, was involved in the operations against emigrants and showed herself an effective agent.

Shortly after the German invasion of Poland, L. Knipper was sent to the southeastern lands of Poland, which became Western Ukraine, where, according to General P. Sudoplatov, he became a key figure in the exposure of German spies, interrogated and filtered the Germans captured by the NKVD L. Knipper freely owned German. The cover of the song and dancing of the Soviet Army served him with cover.

Knipper on Perekop. Knipper in Iran. Sister Olga among the Wehrmacht soldiers in occupied Paris. Knipper and S. The beginning of the war found Lev Konstantinovich in Alppeger "Rot-Front" in the Baksan Gorge, where he coached the Red Army. He wanted to go to the front, but according to the order, he continued the training of fighters and appeared in Moscow only in the fall of the year.

The Germans approached Moscow, his relatives, like other well -known cultural figures, were urgently evacuated, but Leo remained in Moscow, he was prepared to complete an important assignment in case of the Germans of the capital Pavel Sudoplatov recalled the Sudlatov P. Lubyanka and the Kremlin years. In the event of Moscow, he had to supply medicines to the German command and enter into confidence in him.

Bivor writes that according to Svyaznoy L. Knipper and Marina Garikovna Zoe Zarubina, their task was to move to the side of the Germans. The lion had to say that he hates the Soviet regime, and his excellent German, White Guard past and kinship with the "Fuhrer's favorite" Olga Chekhova could make such an act very convincing. According to one version of the wife, they had to organize an attempt on Hitler in Moscow if she had been handed over to the Germans and the Fuhrer would come there for a parade; On the other, the couple had to go to Olga Chekhova in Berlin.

However, Moscow turned out to be no gritting to Hitler and the “transition” to the side of the enemy did not come true. The above information of E. Bivor does not have documentary evidence, in many ways, they are based only on fragmentary information and guesses, which, however, look very convincing. On the way, they visited Olga Leonardovna in Tbilisi, and in early January they arrived in Tashkent.

There, the first wife of Knipper with his son was in evacuation, but he never visited them. Officially, he arrived in Tehran to study Iranian folk music and establish cultural ties. Iranian newspapers wrote about the visit of the composer of Knipper and his copyright concert. But the "study of Iranian music" in the midst of a fierce war looks rather strange.

Bivor suggests that Knipper received the task of getting out of Iran to Germany, meet with her sister and convince her to assist in the attempt on Hitler, but according to the Uacounds from Moscow, the operation was canceled. In the year, L. Knipper returned to Moscow, but the next year he again visited Iran under the cover of musical activity: he performed works of Russian and Iranian music in Tehran, organized orchestras, recorded folk music on the phonograph, and climbed the highest point of the Iranian highlands.At the end of the war, he was sent to the 3rd Ukrainian Front as a political worker: "In order to assist the front-line composers in the creation of songs, as well as for creative composer work." After the war ended, Lev Konstantinovich returned to active musical activity: he wrote the music for the opera “in Lake Baikal”, “Little Prince”, to the ballet “Beauty Angara” together with B.

Yampilov, staged in the year of the Buryat theater of opera and ballet. In total, they wrote over 20 symphonies, music for films and theatrical performances. The libretto of the operas “Nine days of one year” about physicists, “The Fate of Man” “Andrei Sokolov” was prepared according to the famous novel by Sholokhov about the war. God, how he controlled the orchestra! That's where the upper class!

Levins Symphony Suits “Mountain Serenade” - CF for the string orchestra, “Soldier songs”, other symphones, romances, songs - they will still come to the radio, to concert halls. They will still capture the imagination of future listeners with a riot of thought, rapidly inner pulse of a complex life, which fell to the share of a talented artist. ” As long as there was enough strength, Leo Knipper made climbing, traveled a lot, studied folk music in the Central Asian republics.

According to E. Bivor, in the post -war years, the Chekists left him alone. The marriage of Knipper with Marina Garikovna broke up, his third wife was Tatyana Alekseevna Gaidamovich - a cellist, an outstanding music teacher, professor of the Moscow Conservatory. One of the most successful works, according to the composer, was his music to the opera “Little Prince” according to the Saint-Exupery work of the same name, on which he worked for nine years from the GG.

After death, maybe they will put it, I myself want to hear. Probably, I broke around this year, I don’t want to write at all: not a single fresh thought in my head, but the opera never saw the light of the ramp. With his beloved aunt O. shortly after the war. Gaidamovich, L. Knipper and M. The last photo of L. Most of his life Lev Konstantinovich was devoted to the ideals of communism.

In a letter to Olga Leonardovna, he wrote: “With all the power of my brain, I wish to be a true Bolshevik, and for this I lack knowledge. At the same time, in the year, when at the All-Union Congress of Soviet composers they smashed the music of “formalists”: Muradeli, Shostakovich and Prokofiev, several participants dared to object to the speaker Zakharov, who stated that from the point of view of the people of Shostakovich, this is not a musical work at all, but thanks to the Soviet music, Soviet music came into a dead end.

Among the objected were Khachaturian, Shebalin and Knipper on the way to historical truth. At that time, such an act demanded considerable courage. Lev Konstantinovich Knipper was twice a laureate of the Stalin Prize of the second degree and, a laureate of several state prizes, awarded the title of People's Artist of the RSFSR; He died in a year, was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery.

He lived a bright, rich life, many details of which are still under the cover of secrets and went down in history and as a talented composer and as a Chekist reconnaissance and as a conqueror of mountain peaks.