Akhmatova biography is detailed

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. Her lyrics, which has been attacked for many years and hard censorship, today has become an integral part of the Golden Fund of Culture. In the photo: Anna Akhmatova, the Stalinist repressions and the death of loved ones with a fiery wing sewed the soul of a poetess, which showed an example of extraordinary stamina and ability in the worst tests to remain faithful to his beliefs, nobility and patriotism.

Childhood and youth, the future Grand-Dam of Russian Poetry was born on June 23 in the Odessa suburb of a large fountain. Her father Andrei Antonovich Gorenko, the captain of the second retired rank, handsome and favorite of women, was married to her mother Inna Erasmovna, daughter of a military historian Strogova from the family of orderly Alexander Suvorov. Anna Akhmatova in childhood, the girl became the third child.

In total, the family had six children. A year later, the head of the family received a position in the government body of state control, and they moved to Tsarskoye Selo. There, the little Anya touched the exciting world of the Pushkin era, making the splendor of the monuments of architecture, parks and squares of the town, inspired to the work of a young literary genius.

She learned to read the school manual of the authorship of Count Tolstoy “ABC”, which included riddles, fables, short stories, and French mastered, listening to the teacher who taught the language the older sister and brother. She grew up by an individualist, in the summer she stayed with her grandfather near Sevastopol, where she was called "wild girl" for recklessness and eagerness.

At 10, she became a student of the Mariinsky gymnasium, and at 11 she realized her literary gift and began to compose poetry. Little Anna Akhmatova divorced her parents - her father had a passion, and he left his family. Mother decided to leave south, where there were excellent conditions for the treatment of children with tuberculosis. Anya had to leave her beloved city on the Neva and switch to home schooling.

A year later, in order to complete the gymnasium education, she moved to relatives in Kyiv, where she lived in extreme need, feeling with a sealing, but she was in the gymnasium of one of the best students. In gg. Early work in the second issue of the Sirius publication, published in Paris with the participation of the future husband of Nikolai Gumilyov, dated year, took place the debut publication of the poetess - a ten -line poem “On the arm of its many brilliant rings ...”.

When the father found out about the samples of the pen of his daughter, he declared her a decadent and ordered her not to defame his name. Then Anna decided to use the surname of the praobabushki-Tatarka as a literary name, claiming that she belongs to the genus Khan Akhmat. Anna Akhmatova in his youth during the entry into the literature of the poetess became a supporter of acmeism, a new direction, which declared the objectivity of images as a contrast to the incredibence of symbolism.

She gained her first fame, performing in the art cafe “Wandering Dog”, where the bohemia of the imperial capital gathered. The audience favorably adopted her debut collection “Evening”, which saw the light in it a symbol of eternal femininity, widespread in the intellectual society of that time, she replaced the sensitive and delicate “earthly” heroine.

In, before the world war, the second book of its “hypnotic” verses “Roalr”, which had extraordinary success, was published. She was reprinted 9 times - a serious application of the young author to his own place in the literary space. In the same year, her husband went to the front, and she spent time in his family estate in the Tver province. In the verses of that period with the aristocratic restraint, Akhmatov began to combine the lyrical manner of narrative with the manifestations of national identity and civil poetry, including them in the third, released in the collection "White flock".

After a year, a sophisticated Petersburger took the revolution as a punishment for the immorality of a former life, but during the years of mass emigration she did not leave the “sinful” homeland. The period of shocks and losses turned out to be rich for her for creative achievements. There were two of her books - Plantain and Anno Domini McMxxi, where she deliberately, according to critics, united the citizenship of poetry with the mystery of poems - in contrast to the terrible realities of revolutionary time.

Anna Akhmatova and Amadeo Modigliani. The artist Natalia Tretyakov provoked this clashes with the power of Bolshevik Russia, and with her ceased to print, strict criticism and sharp condemnation began. In the difficult period of the vile bullying and forced silence, she was engaged mainly to the study of Pushkin’s work and she easily read Italian, French, English and German. Akhmatova was officially recognized as the professionalism - at the ceremony of the awarding of cultural figures, Stalin asked about the poetess, and she was admitted to the Union of Writers of the USSR, although she was under the close observation of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs.

Her collection "From six Books" was published. In her returned to the city on the Neva. Then her prosaic works appeared “Visiting Death”, “Three Lilac”. She did not change her own beliefs and did not subordinate the work of Soviet ideology.As a result, in power, they branded her “unprincipled” poetry with disgrace, the woman fell into disgrace and was excluded from the Writers' Union.

The further path in, after the next arrest of her son Lev, who passed through the camps, who served as a volunteer at the front and defended his dissertation on history, Akhmatova tried in every possible way to achieve his liberation and even wrote the glorification of Stalin and Bolshevism in the Glory to the World cycle. However, this did not help - Lev Nikolaevich was released only in Anna Akhmatova reads his poems to students during the Khrushchev thaw, it became possible to return the poetess to the creative world.

In her, membership in the Union of Writers was returned to her, a house in Komarovo was provided from the Little Fund. B and the volumes of her chosen poems appeared. In Akhmatova, she graduated from many years of work on the final philosophical and ethical work “Poem without a Hero”, dedicated to the past era. The international recognition came to it-the poetic award of the European community of writers of Etna-Tammin, a year later-the election of the honorary doctor of Oxford University, nomination for the Nobel Prize.

The last lifetime collection, where it included the samples of her work of different years marked by force and noble grace, was called “Running of Time”. Anna Akhmatova’s personal life with the men of the famous poetess and an amazing woman was not lucky. In Tsarskoye Selo, being a summer impulsive gymnasium student, she became the subject of love of the eldest for three years Nikolai Gumilyov, a talented poet and one of the largest researchers of Africa.

For a long time, she rejected his courtship, and a year later she hopelessly fell in love with her husband of her sister Inna, a student of the faculty of eastern languages ​​Vladimir Golenishchev-Kutuzov. Unrequited love led to an attempt by suicide, fortunately, unsuccessful. Anna Akhmatova with her son Lev Gumilev, Gumilyov’s perseverance, who had achieved Anna for seven years, ended in the marriage union.

However, he did not become happy: his wife suffered from endless betrayals, and he was jealous not only to men, but also to her popularity. Soon after the birth of the son of Leva, the disagreement began in their family, and a divorce was issued. Three years later, the summer Gumilev was shot, and Anna actively contributed to the publications of his works and dedicated poetry to him.

Anna Akhmatova with her husband and son “Queen of Poetry” led an active social life. Among her enthusiasm there were many, including Count Valentin Zubov, composer Arthur Lurie, the brilliant poet Nikolai Nedobrovo, his friend, writer and officer of the White Guard Boris Anrep, as well as the pathologist Vladimir Garshin. They were together for a year, and officially broke off relations in the Akhmatova period was in a civil marriage with art forces Nikolai Punin, who died in the Stalinist dungeons in the elderly Anna Akhmatova, according to his contemporaries, Anna Akhmatova was slim, sometimes unrestrained, loved to drink and show off with an obscene expression, saying that there was no forbidden words for the philologists.

Death in recent years around the poetess, which has become a living legend for representatives of the creative intelligentsia, formed a circle of students and admirers. Among young writers, she especially distinguished Joseph Brodsky. The grave of Anna Akhmatova in because of malaise she had to go to the sanatorium in the Moscow Region. But the treatment did not help, and in March it was gone.

They buried her in the Nikolsky Cathedral of Northern Palmyra, buried in Komarovo. The museum dedicated to the life path of the legendary Petersburger was opened in Autovskaya Street of the city on the Neva. By the anniversary of her birth in a fountain house, where she lived with a monument to Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva in Odessa Museums and monuments in her honor exist in many other cities.

In particular, a four-meter monument was established in the Mariinsky Park of Kyiv, where a fateful event once occurred-she found a pin in the form of a lyre, a symbol of poetic creativity. Anna Akhmatova: The latest news and articles.