4 ka biography

Childhood and youth on the Don 2. Moscow and the first stories 3. According to Sholokhov’s works, Soviet and Russian directors shot films, staged performances and created operas. In the Russian Empire, the territory on which the Don Cossacks lived was called that. The mother of the future writer, Anastasia Chernikova, came from the peasants who moved to the Don. From her young age, she worked as a maid for wealthy people.

Father gave Chernikov to marry the widowed Cossack, but she left her wife and went into the house to Alexander Sholokhov. At birth, their son Mikhail received the name of his mother’s first husband - Kuznetsov. The name of his father was given to him only in the year when his parents got married. Since the year, he studied at the male gymnasium in the city of Boguchar of the Voronezh province and lived in the family of a priest.

In the year, German troops approached Boguchar, his father took his son from the educational institution and gave it to the Vyoshenskaya gymnasium. After graduating from school, Sholokhov worked as a clerk, a teacher to eliminate illiteracy among adults, a tax inspector, and also participated in the Komsomol student circle, played in the People’s Theater and wrote plays for him.

He recalled the troubled time of the beginning of the 10ths in an autobiography: from a year he served and picked up on the Don land. For a long time he was an exemplary. He chased for gangs that dominated the Don up to a year, and the gangs chased after us. Everything went as expected. Proletarian youth was prepared at the rabbins: they gave a sufficient education so that it could be entered the university.

But Sholokhov was not accepted: he was not in the Komsomol and did not have a referral to study. To feed himself, the future writer served as a handler, loader and accountant in the house management. In the capital, Mikhail Sholokhov took up literature and joined the association of novice writers “Young Guard”. In the year, his first feuilleton “Test” came out, it talked about fellow travelers - the secretary of the party cell and a merchant, a former party who checked the reliability of the Komsomol member.

In the year, Mikhail Sholokhov came to Don to his parents. Soon he married Maria Gromoslavskaya, the daughter of the former chieftain of the village of Bukanovskaya, a primary school teacher. He returned to Moscow already with his wife. In the same year in the newspaper “Young Leninets” they published the story of the writer “Mole”, later “Nahallenok” and many others came out.

Since then, the writer's works regularly appeared in the press. In the year they entered the first book - the collection "Don Stories".

A year later, he took it again and, retreating, decided to show the pre -war Cossacks. ” Sholokhov worked on the epic novel for more than ten years, he graduated from the fourth book in the year. The prototypes of the characters were the Cossacks of the village of Vyoshenskaya and neighboring farms. Probably, one of the prototypes of the protagonist Grigory Melekhov was Harlampius Ermakov, who participated in military events and talked about them to the writer.

Ermakov is mentioned in the novel and under his own name - as a secondary character. The first and second part of the “Quiet Don” was published in the journal “October” in the year. Soon there were rumors that Sholokhov was not the author of the work. Skeptics noted that he was too young for such large -scale and mature labor. In literary circles they said that the author could be an unknown White Guard officer.

This issue was even dealt with by a special commission, which the writer provided the drafts of the novel. So it was proved that the work was written by Mikhail Sholokhov. Films were shot on it, dramatic performances and even operas were put. In the year, the picture was published according to the first two books of the novel, the role of Grigory Melekhov was played in it by actor Andrei Abrikosov.

The picture received the Crystal Globe Award at the International Film Festival in Czechoslovakia. While working on the book, the writer traveled to the Don villages and met with local residents. He was interested in how collectivization took place on the Don - the unification of peasant farms into collective farms and state farms. According to the plot, a communist, a former sailor Semyon Davydov, arrived at the farm.

On the instructions of the party, he must organize a collective farm. However, Davydov had to fight with the distrust of local residents. Mikhail Sholokhov, a military correspondent and laureate of the Nobel Prize in the X, was engaged in social activities and politics, he was elected to the board of the Union of Writers. In the year, the writer received the Stalin Prize for the novel “Quiet Don”, he donated the reward to the defense of the country.

On the pages of the publications came out his essays from the front. In Pravda, from the year, chapters from the novel "They fought for their homeland" were printed. The writer devoted the work to the events of the year, the retreat of Soviet troops on the Don. The heroes of the novel are soldiers who speak of peaceful life between the battles, recall the house and the family.

In the year, the story “The Fate of Man” was published. This is the story of the driver of Andrei Sokolov, who went to the front, was captured and to the concentration camp. He managed to escape, and when he was at home, he found out that his whole family had died. Years later, in peacetime, Sokolov met an orphan boy, whose father was missing.