Brief biography of Livingston

The toponyms of Livingston David Livingston are the most famous researcher of Africa. He spent more than 30 years traveling in its central and southern regions. I studied the Valley of the Zambezi River and the first of the Europeans was seen by Victoria's waterfall. Interesting facts about the geographical discoveries and the life of the Scottish missionary are in the material of 24smi.

The ideal colonialist David Livingston is part of the Victorian myth about the heroic mission of the colonialists and the dominance of British civilization. The modest origin from the family of poor workers made the researcher a symbol of social success of the 19th century. With his example, they explained how hard work and perseverance can glorify and make a person an example for future generations.

The Christian church aimed to turn more people to Christianity. Geography as a science in the person of a geographical society sought to study the natural wealth of unexplored continents. In addition, Victorian society believed that civilized peoples have a certain parental mission in relation to the rest. They bring the Light of Christianity and industrial civilization products in exchange for the natural wealth of the region.

All travel to the distant shores became a contribution to one or some of these purposes. A brief biography of David Livingston was born on March 19. The place of birth is the village of Blantyir, located in the Scottish county of Lanarkshir. The name "Blantyir" also received a city in Malawi. It was founded by missionaries from Scotland in the year and named after the native settlement of Livingston.

The traveler studied the lands of Malawi in m. The expedition moved along the Shir River to Lake Nyasa, studying the surroundings. Parents of David Livingston professed Presbyterianism a variety of Calvinist Protestantism. Father, brother and future traveler himself worked at a cotton factory for 12 hours a day for a very moderate fee. The family was not rich, but sought to teach children to read and write.

David loved travel stories. His father considered this the wrong choice and encouraged reading the pious literature. Once a summer young man brought his father a missionary brochure, in which the missionaries-doctors were called to go to China. He proved to his parents with a brochure that the knowledge of medicine did not contradict piety and pleasing to God. David received permission to enter the university in Glasgow.

Years of study will also not be easy. The father believes that the student must support himself. It seems to be logical, but the parent is also sure that no one canceled the work in the factory. Therefore, with the consent of the owner of the factory, the student will combine the work and education. In the year, David Livingston becomes a member of the London missionary society. In the year, he will be ordained in pastors.

Pavda, a missionary from him will turn out "so -so." For all 33 years of African research, he will convert only one person to Christianity. Nevertheless, the biography still indicates that the Scot is not only a traveler, but also a missionary. In the year, Livingston married Mary Moffat, the daughter of another missionary. Mary accompanies her husband in a number of expeditions. He will travel all his life, interrupted for short -term visits to London, until he died in early May in the village of Chihtibo in Zambia.

The cause of death will be infection with malaria and internal bleeding. The Livingston Memorial was installed at the death site of the researcher. He was put in the year. The structure is a stone 6-meter obelisk with a cross on top and a memorial plate of bronze. The traveler's servants buried the heart of Livingston under the baobab, which grew up in the place where the memorial is now standing.

The body was sent with a caravan to the coastal city of Bagamoo Tanzania. He was the final point of slave -owning caravans. The length of the route is km. The body was brought to the shore for more than 60 days. In Bagamoo, the servants of Livingston met another English traveler - Verni Lovetta Cameron, who sent a traveler to the UK and a coffin with him. David Linguiston. For example, contemporaries wrote that Livingston was a bad organizer and did not support discipline among his people.

But he is a native of a poor family. His expeditions were financed by a geographical society or missionary. Anyone who cannot, if necessary, replenish the lack of financing from the income of his estates, automatically becomes a poor organizer. The fact that the Africans brought the deceased traveler to the port to deliver to their homeland, suggests that David Livingston had good relations with hired workers.

Africans loved him. He wrote 4 books about his travels, from which you can make a more complete impression of the author’s portrait. The image of the traveler served as a starting point for the depiction of heroes-researchers in adventure literature. The most famous of the works is Jules Verne’s novel “The Fifteen -Year Captain”, as well as the books of Louis Bussenar.African studies in the XIX century The presence of Europeans in Africa was limited to coastal settlements and trade missions.

They knew nothing about the inside of the continent. Researchers could study the continent in two ways: on a ship on a river with a large number of soldiers, equipment and weapons, but these expeditions did not study land; By land with a caravan, but success depended on the relationship between a missionary with local tribes. Studied the language and treated the Africans.

Locals respected him as a doctor. Therefore, Livingston managed to place a local leader to himself. This ensured the success of his first expedition. He was allocated by guides and provisions. Since it was not required to carry a lot of cargo with you, the expedition did not resemble the caravan of slaves hunters. Accordingly, the armed warriors of local tribes did not attack her.

In total, David Livingston made 3 expeditions: in years; in —m; In –m. His full route ran from coastal Cape Town to Lignant Botswan and from there to the coast of the Atlantic Ocean in the West and to the Mozambique Strait in the east of the continent. He moved along the Zambezi River to the upper part, then turned west and crossed the territory of Angola. On this route, David Livingston was opened by a huge Victoria waterfall.

Locals call him "smoke that rattles." Then the traveler continued the way along the Zambezi to the point where the river flows into the ocean. This made him the first European to pave the transcontinental path through South Africa. The land of lakes in the year David Livingston explores Zambezi off the eastern coast of the mainland. It finds out that the water artery in this area is disadvantaged.

He leaves the territory and goes north-east to the river wider.

There is an opening lake of Chilva. Locals tell him that another reservoir lies further. The researcher opens the lake of Mambe, passes through the swampy terrain and gets to Lake Malavi Nyasa. This is one of the great African lakes and the 9th largest in the world. Livingston also called Nyasa “Lake of Stars” for lanterns, which the fishermen lit in boat in the evening.

From this, the surface of the reservoir turned into a kind of starry sky. The search for the source of the Nile among the riddles who occupied the minds of geographers of that period, the most important was the source of the Nile. After the popularization of Ancient Egypt, the opening of the source became the same event that is as significant for the inhabitants of the 19th century, as for the inhabitants of the 20th century, the championship in the conquest of the cosmos.

David Livingston made an expedition in the year aimed at finding an answer to this important question. The predecessors suggested that the source is Lake Albert or Lake Victoria. Livingston believed that the source lies south. He gathered a team and went from the mouth of the River River up. Soon, hired people began to leave him. They stole part of the supplies, medicines and fled.

Livingston, due to poor health and lack of assistants, joined the caravan of slave traders. He reached them to Lake Mver. Then he turned south and reached Lake Bangveulu. Found the Lualaba River. He suggested that this was the source of the Nile, but soon realized that she was falling into the Congo. The traveler continues to get sick and cannot move on.

In this state, Arab merchants stumbled upon him.