Biography Yuri Galitsky

Born on November 26 in Pereyaslavl -Zalessky - died on June 5 in Moscow. Prince Zvenigorodsky, Prince of Galitsky, Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir, son of Dmitry Donskoy. Yuri Dmitrievich was born on November 26 in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. The commander who won the Battle of Kulikovo. Mother - Evdokia Dmitrievna, daughter of the Grand Duke of Suzdal Dmitry Konstantinovich, in monasticism - Euphrosyne Moscow, Rev.

Yuri was baptized by Sergius of Radonezh. After the death of his father, Zvenigorod, Galich, Ruzu and Vyatka received his father in the year, was also appointed heir in the event of the death of the elder brother Vasily I, which later, after the death of Vasily, gave him reason to claim the Grand Duke of Vasily II. Prince Galich-Merian Principality in years. In Zvenigorod, the Zvenigorodsky town and two stone cathedrals rebuilt: the Assumption Cathedral in the Zvenigorod town and the Christmas Cathedral in the Savvino-Sorozhevsky monastery founded by the Savva Storozhevsky, and also built the Stone Trinity Cathedral in the Trinity Monastery now Trinity-Sergiev Lavra.

The first two cathedrals are consecrated by the prince’s personal confessor - Savva Storozhevsky, all three are painted with the participation of the invited by Prince Andrei Rublev and Daniil Cherny. Were married to a year. They had four sons: - Vasily Kosoy - Prince Zvenigorodsky, Grand Duke of Moscow; - Dmitry Shemyaka Bolshoi - Prince Galitsky, Grand Duke of Moscow,; - Dmitry Krasny Menshoi - Prince Uglitsky; - Ivan Yuryevich - he died in monasticism under the name Ignatius in G.

began to mint his own coin, with the name of the long -dead Uzbek Khan, possibly according to the coins of Ivan Kalita. Yuri was very popular as a successful commander and an experienced diplomat, as well as the patron saint of arts and literature. In the year in other annals, in the year he made a successful campaign on the Middle Volga region under his command were the troops of his brother Vasily.

It is worth noting the first campaign in which the Russians ruined quite vast Tatar lands, defeating 14 cities including Bulgar, Zhukotin and Kazan, bringing a huge prey to Rus'. This is mentioned by the Tatar epic "Yidig", known in the late edition of the 16th century, where the "Prince-Urus" is endowed with the features of Tokhtamysh, Tamerlana and Ivan the Terrible.

In the year he made a new campaign, taking Nizhny Novgorod and securing his accession to Moscow. Having captured Nizhny Novgorod, the prince “do not attend nothing” to his inhabitants, for which he received recognition and respect for the townspeople. In the year he participated in a campaign on Novgorod. After the death of February 27, Vasily I, Yuri, became one of the applicants for the Grand Duke of the throne.

Yuri, who went to Moscow at the invitation of Metropolitan Fotius for the oath to the new Prince Vasily II, changed his decision, turning back near Galich. Having shown the disobedience to the Moscow authorities, Yuri entered the struggle for the Moscow throne, presenting his rights to the great reign in accordance with the will of Dmitry Donskoy. Such a decision was dictated not only by the personal ambitions of Yuri Dmitrievich, but also by the desire to satisfy the claims of his two eldest sons - Vasily Kosogo and Dmitry Shemyaki, each of which wished for new acquisitions.

Yuri Dmitrievich possessed great authority in the lands of North-Eastern Rus', and his personal possessions of Zvenigorod, Vyatka, Galich, Ruza were in the stage of economic upsurge. All this objectively contributed to the further success of the prince in the struggle for the great reign. The strategic center, in which his forces were concentrated, the prince was chosen by the remote Galich.

To prepare for the upcoming struggle, the prince concluded a truce with Vasily II until Petrov's day on June 29. During the truce, Yuri, like his rival, was intensively preparing for a future war. In the spring, the prince called the meeting of the inhabitants from all his patrimony, which approved the desire of the prince to fight Vasily II. By uniting forces with his uncles Andrei, Peter and Konstantin Dmitrievich, Vasily II, without waiting for the end of the truce, advocated Kostroma, which was supposed to become a stronghold for the attack on Galich.

Upon learning of the approach of the enemy, Yuri fled to Nizhny Novgorod according to one version. Not wanting to consolidate the prince in this large Volga city, his brother Andrei Dmitrievich was sent against him with a thousandth army. Andrei, however, turned back, not reaching the location of the forces of Yuri. At the same time, Metropolitan Fotiy unsuccessfully tried to reconcile Yuri with the Grand Duke.

Upon arrival, Fotius in Galich Yuri organized a demonstration of the unity of the entire population of the Galician principality with his prince. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the proper effect did not produce, and Fotius continued to insist on concluding peace. Yuri agreed to a truce to collect forces and negotiations in the Horde. After the failure of the first attempt on negotiations, Yuri managed to conclude a peace agreement with Fotius and sent his two boyars to the Grand Duke.

According to the agreement concluded by the boyars in Moscow, Yuri was obliged to “do not seek Princess Great.”The new aggravation of the struggle was associated with the death of Dmitrovsky Prince Peter Dmitrievich. Yuri Dmitrievich, like his opponent, claimed Dmitrov, but the destiny of the deceased prince was annexed to Moscow. Nevertheless, the parties soon came to an agreement, and Yuri on March 11, signed with Vasily II, in which he recognized his nephew as an “older brother”.

Prince Konstantin Dmitrievich was sent against Yuri with large forces, but Yuri again fled to Nizhny Novgorod, where he set up his strength. Having taken up positions on the Sura River, Yuri began to wait for the enemy’s approach, but Konstantin, going to the river, failed to cross the opposite shore, and then turned to Moscow. After the enemy left, Yuri returned to Nizhny Novgorod, and then moved to Galich.

In the fall of the year, together with Vasily II, he traveled with gifts to the Horde to get a shortcut from the Horde khan. Not wanting to endure dishonesty from Daruga Minbulat, located to Vasily, Yuri, along with the Oddynsky noblem tag, went to the Crimea, where he spent all winter with him. In the spring, Yuri, along with Tegina, returned from Crimea.

The disputes between Yuri and Vasily with the active participation of Khan Ulu-Muhammad resumed. In the end, the efforts of the boyar of the Vsevolozhsky label went to Vasily. However, under pressure from Teginini, Khan gave Yuri Label to reign in Dmitrov. Nevertheless, in the end of the contract in the year, Yuri Dmitrievich recognized the exclusive right of the Grand Dukes in relations with the Horde.

However, Vasily did not give to Yuri Dmitrov, who sentenced him to give him a khan. The governors of Vasily II sat in the principality. Yuri did not want to concede Dmitrov without a struggle and only looked for a reason to start a war. At the same time, the boyar Ivan Dmitrievich Vsevolozhsky fled to him, dissatisfied with the fact that the Grand Duke in the fall of the year was engaged with the sister of the Serpukhov Prince Vasily Yaroslavich Maria, Vsevolozhsky, planned to marry the Grand Duke of one of his daughters.

The angry Yuryevichs fled to his father in Galich. This insult was the reason for the new performance of Yuri, who made the detachments of Galicians to Moscow. In the decisive battle on the Klyazma River on April 25, Yuri Dmitrievich defeated Vasily and occupied Moscow. The Grand Duke fled to Tver, and then to Kostroma. Yuri II Dmitrievich on the Moscow throne in accordance with the agreement concluded by Yuri Dmitrievich with Vasily Vasilievich, the new Grand Duke seized the treasury and the “luggage” of not only Vasily II, but also his mother and boyars of the Grand Duke.

Yuri Dmitrievich established good relations with the “guests” by merchants and “cloths” by merchants who traded with the West, who later lended to him rubles at that time, this was a large amount. Having reconciled with his nephew, Yuri Dmitrievich gave him Kolomna in the lot. However, after that, Moscow boyars and service people began to run into Kolomna.

Yuri, realizing that “he is obscured by the glowing in the great reign,” he chose to reconcile with his nephew, returning him to the Grand Ducal throne. Following this, Vasily Vasilievich and Yuri entered into a new agreement, according to which Yuri recognized the eldest of Vasily II and refused to help his older sons. Yuri refused claims to Dmitrov, and in return received Bezhetsky Verkh.

However, after that, Vasily Vasilievich’s persecution of his former opponents followed. Moscow troops led by governors Yuri Patrikeevich were sent to Kostroma, where the Yuryevichs were then. The sons of Yuri on September 28 in the battle on the Kusi River defeated Moscow troops and captivated Yuri Patrikeevich.

The Yuryevichs after this sent the news of the victory to his father, inviting him to the Moscow throne. However, faithful to his obligations, Yuri abandoned this proposal. Yuryevichs were forced to return to Kostroma. Upon learning that the Galicians supported the Yuryevichs in an unsuccessful battle for him in Kusi, Vasily II, wanting to punish Yuri, moved with troops to Galich.

Yuri fled to Beloozero. Vasily II burned the landing of the city, but he could not capture the fortress defended by the Yuryevichs and turned to Moscow. In the year, Yuri with his sons and large forces, to which Vyatchana joined, stepped on a campaign against Vasily II. After a weekly siege, Yuri again took Moscow. The treasury of the Grand Duke went to Yuri Dmitrievich.

Vasily Vasilievich, who was on the run, did not meet support anywhere and planned to go to the Horde. Yuri Dmitrievich achieved wide recognition. Thanks to the events of Yuri Dmitrievich, the system of relations between the Grand Duke and his allies and relatives was changed. Having increased the distance with each other and other princes, the Grand Duke Ryazan was now called not the youngest brother, but only the “brother” - the nephew, Yuri took an important step towards the statement of the autocracy.

Another event of Yuri Dmitrievich was a monetary reform. Since then, the horseman - George the Victorious, the patron saint of Yuri, amazing the snake, was depicted on the coins that he produced. This testified to the desire of Yuri to affirm a single government and the struggle with the Horde. Grand Duke Yuri Dmitrievich died on June 5.He was buried in the Arkhangelsk Cathedral in Moscow.

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