Biography of military music

Video Paradox of the military song: between the march and the feast of the songs that we perceive today as the songs of the Victory, the songs of the war years, in fact have very different fates. Not all popular military songs now were born necessarily during the Great Patriotic War or immediately after; However, in the mass consciousness, they forever merged with the theme of the combat feat of the people, with severe trials that fell to the share of the army and country during the years of military.

Genetically, the military song goes back to the epic and folklore - to the epics and ballads, the most ancient samples of which are dating from us in the XIII century and describe the resistance of the people to the Mongol invasion of Rus'. It can be said that no major historical military event, including battles with foreign invaders, was without epics - whether it was the Kulikovo battle, for example, or the Poltava Bataly.

Yes, each such event had its own songs, just as the USSR war in Afghanistan gave rise to a whole cycle of “Afghan songs”. This song epic was constantly executed by people, it was, as they say, in the active song reserve of the common people, since the first folklorers were recorded on paper much later, starting from the 18th century, and its texts have reached our days in the collections of military and soldiers' songs.

Borodino battle of the year. The attack of the Shevardinsky Redut. The artist is Nikolai Samokish. Together with the veterans who have completed the service, these songs come in a peaceful life and become an integral part of the table repertoire. A picture of the Internet in any large country exists a military class, that is, people who have forever connected their lives with the army, and naturally, these special people have their favorite military songs, starting from the textbook “Soldier, brave guys ...” To, say, the “Amur waves” or anthem of the paratroopers “We need one victory”.

Like any work, it doesn’t matter - copyright or folk, military songs often do not fit into the “official” canon dictated by state propaganda and military censorship. This rupture between the requirements of the political departments of the outgoing, of course, out of the best and “right” motives and spontaneous folk perception, you can probably write a whole study.

It is enough to recall the story, perhaps the most famous and often performed song - “Victory Day”. The cover of a collection of songs about the Great Patriotic War "Friends of the One-sex". Publishing house "Music". The song is loved by the people. And now few people remember that after the premiere of the Victory Day was severely criticized, it was seriously called the “vulgar Foxtrot”, which reduces the high theme of popular feat.

The song itself was written for the competition dedicated to the summer anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The famous Soviet Pesennik poet Vladimir Kharitonov decided to participate in the competition and found a co-author-a young but already popular composer David Tukhmanov. At the last competitive listening, the wife of Tukhmanova, singer Tatyana Sashko, performed a new song.

According to eyewitnesses, the performance was accepted by the jury with icy silence. It seemed to the old -timers of the Union of Composers, very influential in the USSR of a creative organization, that the author of the music was too young Tukhmanov was thirty -five, and everyone who did not reach forty was considered “young and beginner” authors. The estimates of the song from the elderly and honored composers were the most unflattering: “not serious”, “too lightweight”, “what kind of syncopes are.” Nevertheless, the song sounded on central television in the program “Blue Light” performed by the singer Leonid Smetannikov.

Lev Leshchenko performs the Victory Day at the final concert of the All -Union contest of the GOSTRODODODODOM SONGOST Many spectators liked the letters sent to television about this in those years, but then it did not become popular. We can say that for six months she was forgotten. Another performer - Lev Leshchenko, who sang a song on the concert on the air of the Soviet police on November 10, gave the genuine “ticket to life” - Lev Leshchenko.

And then the song, as they say, heard. Lev Leshchenko had to perform a song on BIS. According to legend, the song was very pleased with the then head of the state - General Secretary Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, and neither the label of the “light foxtrot”, nor the imaginary “youth” of the composer Tukhmanov no longer mattered. Now the “Victory Day” is included in the “Golden Collection” of Russian song classics.

Something similar happened to many other famous military songs. For example, the story of the “random waltz” of composer Mark Fradkin to the verses of Yevgeny Dolmatovsky is directly legendary. The song was created at the height of the war and at first had a slightly different words and a completely different name - “Officer Waltz”. It all began with the poem by Dolmatovsky “Dancing until the morning”, published in February in the newspaper of the South-Western Front “Red Army”.Later, the Pesennik poet recalled the story of creating the text: “It is worth a military convoy to stop at the night in the front-line village or town, and acquaintances, and frank conversations, love, and all this are sad and chaste; And early Rano-parting, departure ...

". Composer Mark Fradkin and poet Evgeny Dolmatovsky. Photo from the Internet in December, near Stalingrad, Evgeny Dolmatovsky met with his co -author - composer Mark Fradkin and read poetry aloud. Fradkin immediately sat down and played a waltz melody inspired by a poem on a trophy German accordion. After the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, in February, Dolmatovsky and Fradkin were present at a meeting of the Military Council of the Don Front, where the front commander Konstantin Rokossovsky handed the creative tandem of the Order of the Red Star and asked them about creative plans.

It was then that Dolmatovsky remembered about “Dancing until the morning” and told Rokossovsky about the future song. The head of the political department of the Don Front, Sergei Galadzhev, said that it would be something like an “officer waltz”. Soon Dolmatovsky and Fradkin went from Stalingrad to Yelets by train, and on the way they completed work on their new song, which they called it - “Officer Waltz”.

Leonid Utesov was the first performer of the song, although when recording was not without the intervention of censorship. It seemed to strict censors that the lyrics of the song sounds somewhat frivolously and throws a shadow on the Soviet officer, so the “officer” waltz was replaced by “random”. In addition, according to legend, the Commander -in -Chief Joseph Stalin, who did not like the lines: "And I have an unfamiliar hand, have a hand in the text." Stalin was allegedly indignant: “Is it really that we have such low -growing officers that the girl’s hand relies on the shoulder of the first person you meet?

He is a giant. Do you want to humiliate our army? The officer must fight, not dance. " Shot from the film "First Day of the World". Cinema Studio named after Gorky. Director - Yakov Segel The song quickly became popular, it was performed by many artists who performed at the front. At the same time, they continued to criticize the song. Like, “where did you get it from?

The officer comes to an unfamiliar house, dancing there with an unfamiliar woman, he says, not knowing what, and feels like a native hearth! It is believed that in the fall of the year the replication and official performance of the song was discontinued in the country, and the unspoken ban was canceled only after Nikita Khrushchev came to power. In the year, the “Random Waltz” performed by Utesov sounded in the Soviet film “First Day of the World”.

Since then, this masterpiece of military lyrics has been legalized again, and in several decades who just did not re -sing him, starting from Joseph Kobzon and Lyudmila Gurchenko to Vladimir Presnyakov and the UMA2Rman group. Poet-Frontovik David Samoilov. The Estonian SSR, the city of Pyarn, the autumn of the year is interesting and even somewhere paradoxical the fate of another folk hit is “when we were in war ...”, popularly considered an old Cossack song.

In fact, this song has authors, and this story is relatively recent. A poem called “Hussar's Song” was included in the collection of the famous Soviet poet David Samoilov “Voices behind the hills” Tallinn, the famous author Viktor Stolyarov read poetry and laid them on the music. At the festival of bard song in the city of Pushchino, the ensemble "Talisman" performed a song.

The journalist of Ada Yakusheva, making a report on the festival on the Yunost radio, launched a song on the air. The matter was done: the song went to the people. Viktor Stolyarov himself later admitted that wherever he heard this song, and in the concert halls, performed by singing groups, and on the halts of climbers in the Tien Shan mountains, and already under the guise of “folk” and “Cossack”.

Such a finale makes the content of the song less tragic. In general, the influence of the popular art of grams, theater, cinema, translated by the media: first - radio, and later - television, became in the twentieth century that determines the perception of the military song, its character and tonality in the twentieth century. As the state ideology and aesthetic requests of society, song creativity also changed.

His best examples created by Soviet composers and poets, such as “dark night”, “Katyusha”, “blue handkerchief”, “in a dugout”, “wait for me”, the same “random waltz”, were filled with quiet, without fanfare, patriotism. Sincerely, if you like, “stagnation”, these songs provided them with deep folk love, and official propaganda could not take this into account. When in the sixties and seventies the generation of “children of war” began to come to art, it rethought the experience of a recent war in a new artistic context, and turned out to be so sensitive that new songs were perceived literally as songs of war years.

The poet, prose writer and bard Bulat Okudzhava at the concert.The photo of the year, for example, the famous Bulat Okudzhava song “We need one victory” was written specifically for Andrei Smirnov’s film “The Belarusian Station” of the year, and Okudzhava wrote it after he watched the black materials of the film in the cinema. This was his condition. The one saw so inspired the poet who himself went through the war that he composed, as he called it, “The trench song of the tenth landing battalion”, who in the film sings under the guitar with his brothers in arms, the front -line nurse performed by Nina Urgant.

Frame from the film "Belarusian Station". Movie Studio "Mosfilm". Director - Andrei Smirnov The song became one of the bright symbols of the sixties - the time of the thaw and the arrival of the so -called “Lieutenant's prose”, unlike generals who did not disdain the harsh “trenches”. From bravura marches and often empty urago-patriotic agites, mass art rushed to sincerity and frankness, which overcame all possible censorship obstacles.

And here it is impossible not to mention another important symbolic figure of the postponed song generation - the poet and actor Vladimir Vysotsky.

Poetic representation. "The director - Yuri Lyubimov, born in the year, Vysotsky, nevertheless, created and performed such convincing examples of military songs that many veterans of the Great Patriotic War were convinced that the author went through the front and knows about the war firsthand. Vysotsky is the author of real masterpieces of military song lyrics: “on mass graves”, “military song”, “penalty battalions”, “song about the earth”, “he did not return from the battle” and others, for the first time sounded in the films from childhood, “vertical”, “sons go into battle”, in the play of the Moscow Theater “felling and alive” The verses of the Fronts poets envelope the double album of the military songs by Vladir Vysotsky "The Sons go into battle." The company "Melody".

The best samples of the genre passed the test of time and continue to replenish the repertoire of dozens of pop singers and rock musicians. Today you will not surprise anyone with the next cover version of the “dark night” or “Take the overcoat, went home” from rap or rock performer. And there is nothing surprising: in fact, any real military song tells us not about the war, but about faith in life and peace.

Video clip of the year Alexander Donetsk date of publication: April 19 Pskov, st. Pushkin, d.