Ludwig Faddeev Biography

The decisive contribution to the solution of the three -dimensional reverse problem of the quantum theory of scattering, the quantum problem of three bodies, to quantizing the calibration fields and the creation of quantum theory of solitons and the quantum method of the reverse task. The author of scientific works and five monographs. Ludwig Dmitrievich was born on March 23 in Leningrad.

Parents of Ludwig Dmitrievich met at the Leningrad State University, where they studied at the Mathematical and Mechanics Faculty of Mathematics. His father simultaneously graduated from the composer department of the conservatory, played perfectly on the piano. When the war began, the three children of the Faddeevs lived in the country in the town of Yukhnov, in the Smolensk region.

The mother managed to take them from there three days before the Germans arrived and transferred to the kindergarten evacuated from Leningrad to the Kirov region. There Ludwig Faddeev, who turned seven years old, went to the first grade of a rural school. In December, the children were in the Urals, Ludwig Dmitrievich remembered the village of Zvyagino near Chebarkul, where he continued to go to school.

In May, her mother and her father came from the blockade Leningrad by an airplane and took them to Kazan, where the Academy of Sciences was taken out with her father. According to Ludwig Dmitrievich, he did not really love the school, but he studied well. Thanks to his mother, he learned English early, read a lot, and most of the school curriculum was known to him in advance.

So, for example, he knew English history from Shakespeare's chronicles, which he read in the fifth grade. Ludwig graduated from the Youth Medical School of Leningrad and the Physics Faculty of Leningrad University at the University of Thaddeev chose the Physics Faculty because he did not want to go to the Matmeh, where his father, a professor of mathematics taught. He recalled: “I entered the Faculty of Physics of Leningrad University in the year and in my third year chose the specialization“ Mathematical Physics ”, which has just been organized ....

In the year, German physicist K. Friedrichs organized a seminar for his colleagues on the basics of quantum field theory. His lectures were published ... Ladyzhenskaya decided to organize a student seminar on this book, and our entire group - two young men and three girls - began to disassemble the book of Friedrichs. I think it was useful only for me; I remember how Olga Alexandrovna at the beginning of each seminar, where I reported, asked: "Ludwig, remind us what the birth operator is." But I got a good training and began to dream that someday I could start seriously engaged in the quantum theory of field.

However, since there was nothing in addition to the account of the diagrams that could be clung to, I very pragmatically decided to wait and engage in more real tasks of the quantum scatter theory. I managed to find an original approach to the quantum task of three bodies, it is quite early to defend a doctoral dissertation and receive international recognition.

Ladyzhenskaya and V. Foka, L. Faddeev, the candidate of physicomatic and mathematical sciences became in the city of a long-standing debate of scientists about what is more important-mathematical severity or physical meaning, the correctly resolved equation or intuitive understanding of the natural phenomenon, continued the entire XX century, but at some time it began to seem to the physicists: Einstein as the creator of a special and general theory Relativity is better known to the layman than Poincare or Hilbert, Schrödinger is more popular than Weil, and Landau is Bogolyubov.

But in recent decades, the situation began to change: it turned out that successful mathematical techniques have not just technical significance, but deep physical meaning. Mathematical intuition in solving more and more complicated physical problems can be more important than physical. And this caused a noticeable irritation of many great physicists. In the second half of the 20th century, a new generation of scientists appeared, who can no longer be called pure physicists or mathematicians.

Ludwig Faddeev belongs to their number. Having graduated from the Faculty of Physics of Leningrad University, he gained worldwide fame as a person who, together with his student Viktor Popov, complex mathematical problems of the theory of Yang - Mills, which later formed the basis of the theory of supermanship. Faddeev is convinced that as a physicist solved all theoretical problems of chemistry, thereby “closing” chemistry, so mathematics will create a “unified theory of everything” and “close” physics.

The look is quite radical, but authoritative. For a long time, the mathematician community and the community of physicists in the 20th century were divided. They came up with quantum mechanics in the twenties. Mathematics knew the mathematical questions of this theory, but physicists were not familiar with them. Geisenberg was a completely brilliant person, but did not know the theory of matrices.

Dirac, English genius, created his own mathematics, he even had his own designations. But there were people who could understand the quantum mechanics from the point of view of famous mathematics. One of them was German Weil. He explained to Schrödinger how to solve the Schrödinger equation. Although until recently, the role of Weil in the physical textbooks of the history of science was completely not reflected.It was a kind of demonstration of mutual hostility of physicists and mathematicians.

Hilbert once said that physics is too difficult for physicists, and physicists, of course, were annoyed. Landau all the time said: think about what mathematics are, they should be translated into the sports department. When Nikolai Bogolyubov developed the theory of ultracus, her mathematical justification is now called the theory of Bose Gaz, Landau at first did not believe.

Even in the textbook it was written that this is wrong work. Then the work was correct, but Bogolyubov was offended. The more physicist uses mathematics, the more fundamental it becomes. We can say that mathematics is the sixth feeling. The electron has neither color nor smell. And it can only be felt with the help of formulas. Academician Ludwig Faddeev believes that today mathematical severity is more important than physical intuition, and it is thanks to mathematics that the "Unified theory of everything" will be built.

Once, journalists asked L. Faddeev: “At one of the student forums, we read:“ Demon Maxwell - Loch. He replied: “Interestingly, it is said. You know that the basis of the interaction of electrically charged particles is an electromagnetic field. For quarks, an analogue of the electromagnetic field is the fields of Yang and Mills. Physicists are very fond of giving new phenomena unusual names.

So, among the quarks there is both “fascinated” and “strange”. And the characteristic of quarks, their charge is called color. So it remains. Our mathematical trick made it possible to correctly write a continued integral - the basis of theoretical calculations in the standard model of elementary particles. When Viktor and I came up with this, it was absolutely not clear to anyone why this was needed.

And in the USSR, I did not even try to publish an article, because I believed that it would not be accepted into the magazine. Even later, when we wanted to award the USSR State Prize, one of the members of the commission asked a simple question: who saw these fields? And they did not give us prizes. But such a European magazine Physics Letters appeared, where only two pages could be sent.

I remember how I selected every phrase in English. There are thousands of links to this article now, in general, it has become very famous. It is recognized that it is the theoretical basis of the quantum theory of the Yang and Mills field. Young came up with the equations that were written for classic fields. And any classical theory, if it satisfies some requirements, can compare the quantum theory.

And we came up with this quantum theory. Already in the eighties, Yang invited me to China. Although Yang worked in the USA at that time, the Chinese, unlike us, Soviet, did not believe that the person who left for America was a traitor. On the contrary, this is our man there, in America. And the word "spirit" in China has two meanings: a good spirit and an evil spirit. And in the newspapers they wrote that Faddeev concluded an agreement with an evil spirit and became famous-in a sense, Faust.

Faddeev-professor of the Leningrad St. Petersburg State University, with G. worked in the Leningrad branch of the Mathematical Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences to the younger, senior researcher, head of the laboratory of mathematical problems of physics. On the wall in his office there are portraits of his teachers and colleagues Academicians Mikhail Lavrentiev and Nikolai Bogolyubov.

In the x From for the year he was the director of the Leningrad St. Petersburg Branch of the Mathematical Institute named after V. in the years, he is the director-organizer of the International Mathematical Institute named after L. Euler RAS. In the years he was a vice president, and in years-the president of the International Mathematical Union. Member of the Presidiums of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the St.

Petersburg Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, academician-secretary of the department of mathematical sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was the chairman of the Commission on Golden Medals and Prizes named after outstanding scientists awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was the editor -in -chief of the magazines “Functional Analysis and its Appendix” and “Nature”, was part of the first composition of the editorial board of the journal “Theoretical and Mathematical Physics”.

Faddeev’s works received worldwide recognition: he was the first in terms of citation index, and by a wide margin, on the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences. His wife is Anna Mikhailovna, a theoretical physicist; daughters-Elena, mathematician, Maria, physicist-theoretic; He has 4 grandchildren and 4 great -grandchildren. Faddeev is an honorary citizen of St. Petersburg, in-G. Ludwig Faddeev and Vladimir Arnold are considered one of the most outstanding Russian mathematicians of the XX-XXI centuries, whose works cover the widest circle of problems of pure mathematics and theoretical physics.

Among the scientific awards L.Faddeeva Prize Danny Heineman in the field of mathematical physics, Dirac Gold Medal, International Institute of Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Max Planck Medal for special achievements in the field of theoretical physics, the Leonard Eler Gold Medal for outstanding results in the field of mathematics and physics, Demidovsky prize - for the outstanding contribution to the development of mathematics, quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics, quantum mechanics, Quantum.

Theories of strings and solitons, the Poincare Award, the Asian Nobel Prize of the Shaw-Prize Prize Shao, for an extensive and important contribution to mathematical physics together with V. Arnold, Big Golden Medal named after M. Lomonosov