Antufiev Vladislav Sergeevich Biography

Social policy largely determines the various aspects of our lives. Without the support of the social sphere, normal reproduction of a public product is impossible. The level of social guarantees depends on economic capabilities, but it, in turn, determines economic opportunities. All this cannot but be taken into account by rational economic policy. The Russian model of social policy includes: firstly, the refusal of the state from the tight determination of human behavior, the provision of a set of services in the social sphere that a citizen can and should receive.

Secondly, the intensity of many social organizations and the liberation of the state from the function of the direct provision of social services to citizens. As a result, the state gradually ceases in relation to many types of social services to be a source of these services providing consumer. It assigns a role in some cases only the legislator, which establishes the rules, in other cases - an intermediary.

Thirdly, the formation of the market of social services with the actually arising competition of their manufacturers - really improves quality and reduces the costs of the production of social services. Social policy should be more reasonable and predictable. This requires social standardization, which involves the regulatory procedure for calculating the budget needs for all types of free services provided by the state to the population.

Therefore, it is advisable to return to the planning of budget expenditures based on the exhaustive list of free services to the population, directive but scientifically based on the natural volume of these services - as a rule, in the per capita expression, determination of sources and financing of these services, taking into account the prices in each region.

Social standards should be the basis for determining the amount of transfers that compensate the regions to lack their own funds to fulfill federal social guarantees and obligations. An important feature of social policy is its municipalization. Social policy at the municipal level is closer to the consumer, more economical for the budget. At the same time, the state through inter -budget transfers guarantees the financial viability of each municipality at least a certain general Federal level of security.

Social priorities include: level and quality of life, the development of healthcare, education, culture, environmental measures and ecology. To determine them, it is necessary to establish the ratio of budget and non -budget funds; distinguish between areas of application of direct and indirect methods of state regulation; To develop social programs involving structural reorientation of the economy for production for the sake of consumption, the development of housing construction, education, healthcare, and environmental measures.

The main forms of participation of non -profit organizations in the implementation of state and municipal social programs are: coordination of activities and joint development of programs; placement of an order for the implementation of social services; Support for projects and programs of non -profit organizations as part of state and municipal programs.

The analysis of the implementation of social programs of the Leningrad Region shown at the extremely low level of their financing. A similar picture in the year.

The deficiencies in the resource support of programs include their uneven financing during the year. The program-targeted method has not lost its significance can be recommended for managing the social sphere. The value of social programs for managing this area is: firstly, the possibilities for the governing body to achieve a significant concentration of resources within the framework of the program solution of a separate social problem.

The severity of the social problem predetermines increased public attention to its solution and allows the governing body, and sometimes simply forces it to direct the required amount of resources to this program. However, traditional methods of state regulation turn out to be less effective, since it is programming that provides for the presence of a strict triad “The target -resources of the event -result”; Secondly, programming allows you to attract new, non-traditional types of resources to solve the problem on a systemic basis, primarily organizational.

It can be said that the concentration of organizational resources in the form of an interconnected system of measures, forms of control, methods of stimulating and insurance in the event of difficulties with the implementation of software tasks are the main advantage of the program method in the social sphere; Thirdly, programming is a more purposeful method, a more specific approach to managing social objects than centralized directive planning.

Unlike the latter, programming does not claim to be complete universal coverage of the social sphere.The degree of implementation of programs depends on resource support, the determination of the amount of resources necessary for the implementation of programs is largely associated with the process of forecasting both the trends of social development and the organizational, economic and scientific and technical processes interconnected with them.

Therefore, if in society there is an uncertainty of socio-economic development, caused, for example, by political instability, then it becomes very difficult to predict the necessary volume of software resources. To evaluate the socio-economic situation in regions, cities, municipalities, the author’s monitoring and analysis technique proposed by the author can be used.

It formulated the requirements for the monitoring system, the system of indicators of evaluating the socio-economic situation is determined, the algorithm and its programmatic implementation are proposed. To evaluate the monitoring results, a special system of indicators is proposed in the form of threshold values ​​of the admissibility of their deviation, as well as ranking by the degree of necessity of state intervention.

The interests of not only society and the state, but also all citizens, layers and groups of the population, enterprises and organizations are somehow connected with the tax system and tax policy. Taxes and tax policy in Russian conditions have become the most important object of market reforms. The country's tax potential is determined by economic potential. In turn, taxes affect the state of the economy, the budget system, the relations of federalism, the position of local authorities, and the state’s ability to fulfill its social, law enforcement, defense functions depend on them.

The following areas and guidelines of tax policy can be distinguished as the main ones. It is necessary to systematize and significantly reduce the many tax and non -tax payments to the budget and extrabudgetary funds now. Solving issues of stimulating business activity at the federal level, including by introducing special taxation regimes for small enterprises, trade, and the service of the population, a single tax payment in the form of “imputed tax”, it is advisable to provide guarantees against administrative arbitrariness at the local level, for example, abuse of the incubation of the cost of patents.

The tax mechanism should interact with the credit and banking policy, interest rates, providing certain advantages to financial, credit institutions and enterprises using long-term loans for investment purposes. The author proposes to change approaches to the establishment of tax benefits, the main principle of which should be their strictly targeted and temporary nature, which implies the selective effect of the tax mechanism in accordance with priority tasks.

The provision of benefits should be carried out in accordance with state investment programs, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by expert assessments. It is proposed, in particular, to cancel the benefits of income tax if the company does not completely use shock deductions for the purpose of investing accumulation. Unused depreciation should be included in the tax base when calculating income tax.

The basis for the application of benefits should not be the amount of profit, but the amount of payments to the budget, which will determine the dependence of the amount of benefits on the amount of payments to the budget. Funding for educational institutions to be carried out on the basis of state departmental and regional funding standards, determined in the calculation for one student, a pupil, for each type, type and category of an educational institution.

The main state guarantee of the preservation and development of culture is state financing, both from the republican budget and the budgets of regions and municipalities. In order to attract additional financial resources for the development of this industry, a special system of tax benefits is provided for enterprises, institutions, individuals investing their funds in the development of culture.

Culture institutions have the right to carry out entrepreneurial activities. In their entrepreneurial activity, cultural organizations are equated with ordinary enterprises, that is, they are subject to the legislation of the Russian Federation. Paid forms of activity of institutions and organizations of the Culture complex are not considered as entrepreneurial if income from them goes to the development and improvement of their activities.

List of literature of the dissertation research Candidate of Economic Sciences Antofiev, Vladislav Sergeevich, year 1. Abalkin L. Zigzags of fate: disappointment and hope. Aleksashenko S. Antonov N. Cash circulation, credit and banks. Antufiev B. A new model for financing education and commercialization of higher education. Atkinson E. Babich A. Social sphere in the context of the transition to the market.

Egorov E. Economics and financing of the social sphere. Kazan, Barr R.Political savings: in 2 t. Barulin S. Blaut M. Blokhin N. Bolshakov S. Brodsky I. Squamia A. Bunich P. Market economy: choice of path. Vavilov N. Taxes and taxation: foreign experience: a textbook. Valenti S. Development of society in the theory of social alternatives. The economic mechanism of federal relations.

Vartazarova L. Introduction to a market economy: textbook. Livshitsa and I. Vetrova N. Financing of social programs in Western countries. Vinogradova 3. Volkov A. World History of Economic Thought: in B. Gaidar E. Anomalies of economic growth. Gelb A. Glazyev S. behind the critical line. On the concept of macroeconomic policy. Glukhov K. Gorbunov I.

Gorev V. Kudryavtsev Yu.