Vasily Shukshin Personal Biography

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. In his works with subtle irony, he clearly and sincerely talked about the life of ordinary people, wrote about the real Russian village without embellishment, earning popular love and managing to deeply penetrate this mysterious Russian soul. In the photo: Vasily Shukshin, the best in his acting career, are considered roles in the film projects of Sergey Bondarchuk “They fought for their homeland”, Lev Kulidzhanov “When the trees were large”, Sergei Gerasimov “by the lake”, as well as in the paintings of his own authorship “Kalina Red” and “Grasses”.

In the creative piggy bank of the ingenious filmmaker - two novels, three novels and three plays, more than one hundred and twenty stories, five films and twenty -seven roles in the movies. Childhood and family Future Svetoch of folk art were born on July 25 in Altai, in the village of Tosty. His parents, the summer Makar Shukshin and the summer Maria in the girlishness of Popov, were peasants.

Two years later, they also had a daughter, who was called Natalia. The parents of Vasily Shukshin young people entered the collective farm, but they lived very poorly, tight, even children were not norment. In the notorious, during the period of mass repressions, the head of the family was arrested, transferred to Barnaul and soon shot. He was 21 years old. After the incident, the mother raised the children alone, then she got married again and began to live with Pavel Nikolayevich Kuksin.

Vasily was very respected by his stepfather, in his memoirs he called him a "man of a rare heart." In the year, the man moved his family to Biysk.

Vasily Shukshin in childhood at the school where Vasily went in the year, still in the races, he did not differ in diligence, but read a lot and was happy to participate in amateur performances - he recited poems, played in performances. Youth when the war began, the Shukshins returned to the canes, and the stepfather went to the front and died a year later. So at the age of 14, Vasily remained the only man and breadwinner in the family.

He was sent to his uncle-Buhgalter from Ondhuday to adopt experience, but he was not given counting art. As a result, he graduated from the seven -year -old and for two years studied at the Biysk Automobile College of the Biysky State College, but he could not finish it - it was necessary to help his mother and sister survive. In his youth, Vasily Shukshin, after the end of the technical school, Shukshin was admitted to the collective farm of the village of Tosty, worked from dawn Demina, and left his native village in the year.

It was sad and a little scary. Mother led me behind the village, sat on the ground and cried. I understood: it was painful and also scary, but even more painful, apparently, to look at her mother at hungry children. Still there was a sister, she is small. And I could leave. And left. He tried many working specialties, traveled many cities, lived hard, starved. He was a worker in the construction of a turbine plant, worked at a tractor factory, at different times he was also a locksmith, rigging.

Vasily was not afraid of labor - from early childhood he helped his mother in the household. Natalia, sister of Vasily Shukshin in the year, working at a construction site in the area of ​​the village of Butovo, Moscow Region, was drafted into the army. After “training”, Vasily served as a radio operator in one of the parts of the Black Sea Fleet in Sevastopol, where his first literary works saw the light.

In January, he had an ulcer of the stomach, and he was commanded from the army. With the school friend Alexander Kuksin, returning home, Shukshin sat down at the textbooks and passed school exams. In the Russian language, he supposedly received a “three”, but, despite this circumstance and the lack of a specialized education, a few months later he was invited to teach his native language and literature to the local evening school of labor youth.

Vasily Shukshin served in the Navy soon he was appointed to perform the duties of the director. The young leader had to solve a lot of organizational and economic issues: he was looking for teachers, took out kerosene, firewood, pricked them, made lectures, convincing the collective farmers to receive secondary education. Shukshin was called the secretary in the district committee, promised training at a party school and annual vacation, but he did not go - he was beckoned completely different.

Student years in the desire to achieve success in the literary field, the summer Siberian went to Moscow. He was going to become a student of the Literary Institute, but it turned out that one of the conditions for admission was the presence of applicants for published work. Shukshin did not have publications. Then he decided to go to the university of historical and archive.

However, according to legend, after an accidental acquaintance with the fellow countryman, the legendary film director and teacher Ivan Pyryev, on his advice, Shukshin submitted documents to the VGIK to the directorial department. Shukshin’s preparation was weak, but for an essay called “What is being done at VGIK these days” he managed to earn an “excellent” assessment. In oral exams, the introductory commission was outraged by his recognition that he did not read the “war and the world” according to another version - “Anna Karenina”.Vasily Shukshin, in the student, the first course of VGIK, but the lively guy from the hinterland explained that he had no time to read such thick books: it was necessary to prick and store firewood, drown the stove so that the kids would not freeze at school.

Thanks to the sincerity and simplicity of his allegedly, he was immediately accepted into the prestigious educational institution where the competition was more than a hundred people in place. Be that as it may, he became a student of the workshop of Mikhail Romm, who insisted at the reception of young talent. It is noteworthy that the master took to himself then another iconic director of those years - Andrei Tarkovsky.

According to rumors, they initially did not want to take them to the institute: an absurd Altai nugget - because there was "painful dense", and Tarkovsky - because "he knew too much." These two extraordinary opposites allegedly subsequently competed. As a result, Vasily became truly a national creator, and Andrei became an icon of world arthouse. In the second year of study, Shukshin made his debut as an actor in the central role of Ole Andreson in the educational film of Andrei Tarkovsky “Killer”, staged according to the work of the same name by Hemingway.

In addition, he played a small, episodic role of the sailor in the painting of Sergei Gerasimov “Quiet Don”. In profiles, he always indicated only her mother, her second husband and sister to questions about relatives. But in Shukshin the Sr. they rehabilitated posthumously, and Vasily was very worried because he was always ashamed, as it turned out, in no obedient father.

In Marlene Khutsiev, allegedly, on the advice of the same Tarkovsky, invited Shukshin to work on the painting “Two Fedors”, where it was narrated about the soldier who returned from the war and his namesake boy-spray. At first, the Siberian was an assistant to the director, but in the end was approved for a key role. Shukshin almost missed the prime minister of the tape, being detained by the police, he often hooligan and got involved in fights, so that he was often taken to the station.

The director saved the situation, who persuaded representatives of the law to release a talented rowdy. Vasily Shukshin in his youth after the premiere of criticism noted the “marginal naturalness”, the soulfulness and vital conviction of the game of a beginner actor. Shukshin began to actively invite to act in films. He appeared in the title role of the worker Andrei Nizovtsev in the Kinopobia “Golden Echelon”, a year later - in the film “Simple History”, where he played the young man Ivan Lykov, then appeared in the image of the collective farm chairman in the dramatic tape “When the trees were large”, who participated in the Cannes film festival.

Vasily Shukshin in the film “When the Trees were Big” in Shukshin passed the final exams, but did not receive a diploma, because because of the constant employment on the set, he did not finish the final work. But in his diploma short film about the work of the Altai district committee of the party in the hot period of the summer suffering "from the Lebyazhego" was ready.

He acted in it not only as a director, but also the author of the script and performer of one of the key roles, earning an assessment of “excellent”. Shukshin-director and actor in a young graduate specialist began to create his first film play "such a guy lives." He based on her plot, he took his own stories. For filming, the writer and director invited the and future domestic stars - Rodion Nakhapetova, Nina Sazonova, Leonid Kuravleva, who played the central role of the chaffer of Kolokolnikov.

The tape received enthusiastic responses to the public and critics, as well as the main prize at the Venice Film Festival in the competition of children's and youth films. On the set of the film “Such a guy lives”, Shukshin’s second film “Your Son and Brother” was released, for which he again compiled on the basis of his stories “Snake Yad”, “Stepka”, “Ignaha”. The ribbon where he displayed the “world of the intelligentsia” in the representation of the rural resident, was released with a record circulation in a copy, but caused conflicting reviews.

According to some, she was too superficial, according to others - marked the birth of a new direction in the domestic culture: “rustic” cinema, similar to “rustic prose” in literature. The frame from the film “Your Son and Brother” after that Vasily Makarovich began writing the script of the film project about Stenka Razin “I came to the will”, recognized by filmmakers of a bold, deep and most significant scenario of the year.

However, he did not receive permission to produce a film with the deepest historical context. The next film work of the director “Strange People”, created by him from his own stories “Chudik”, “Mil Sorry, Madame! The tape failed at the box office, the author considered it his failure, although a number of critics already called the film “underestimated”.

The documentary of the First Channel on Vasily Shukshina Shukshin remained in demand and as an actor, received many proposals for filming. He reincarnated in Marshal Konev in the Yuri Ozerov film epic “Liberation”, then played the key character-the head of the cellulose-paper plant-in the melodram of “by the lake” by Sergei Gerasimov. A frame from the film by the lake two years later released the fourth tape of an outstanding filmmaker-the comedy “Lavochki stoves”, who told about a trip to the resort of a married couple from a deaf village.

He again created the script himself, and also reincarnated into the main character - Ivan Rastorguev. At first, the director wanted to invite Leonid Kuravlev to this role, but he refused to advise him to play it himself. Vasily did so. The acting ensemble of the picture, which Shukshin at that time considered his best work, also included Georgy Burkov, Vsevolod Sanaev, Zinovy ​​Gerdt.

Film critics almost unanimously praised the script, directing and acting of the author. The next work that was released in the year - “Kalina Red” - turned out to be truly a triumph of Shukshin. She was awarded the main prize at the All -Union Festival of Cinema in the city of Baku and at the Berlin Film Festival, in Poland became the winner of the Warsaw Siren contest, in Yugoslavia she won the Fest prize according to the same publication Shukshin for the performance of the key role of Prokudin, who decided to end the thieves' craft, became the best actor of the year.

The emotional, complete realism of the drama, where Lev Durov, Georgy Burkov and the wife of Fedoseev also played more mentally and strongly, looked at more than 60 million. Then, despite the unimportant well -being, the actor accepted the proposal of Sergei Bondarchuk in his historical drama “They fought for their homeland” created according to the famous work of Mikhail Sholokhov and subsequently awarded Gospremia.

He played the central role of a worship soldier Peter Lopakhin, who was actually a sincere patriot, deeply worried about his country. Vasily Shukshin in the film “They fought for their homeland”, a literary fate, when he was a student, stated himself and as a writer - on the advice of Mikhail Romm's mentor, he offered his literary works to the editorial offices of various periodicals.

In the popular literary and artistic journal "Shift", his work first appeared-it was the story "Two in a cart." Four years later, the workplace of Vasily Shukshin saw the light and first book of the future large writer “Rural Residents”. Then, Shukshin’s artistic prose interested the almanac “New World”, on the pages of which the works “Grinka Malyugin” and “Cool driver” were published.

And in the literary magazine Siberian Lights, Shukshin’s first Roman Lyubavina was published, telling about the events that took place in a deaf Siberian village during the Civil War and Collectivization. Interview with Vasily Shukshin. Fragments of the writer's work were included in the copyright collections “there, in the distance, published by the Soviet Writer, and the“ countrymen ”, published a year later, the publication“ Siberian Lights ”printed his novel“ I came to your will ”, created parallel with the script of the picture, which he, alas, was not able to remove.

The novel “I came to give you will” I am the magazine “Siberian Lights” in the story “Characters”, “Point of view”, “Until the third roosters”, where Vasily Shukshin continued a subtle study of popular characters. Shukshin’s best stories are called among others a “strong man” about the tractor driver who demolished the village church, “my son -in -law stole a car of firewood” in whoever opened the secret of Russian self -awareness, “hunting to live” about the forgiveness of all a living taiga hunter.