Biography of False Dmitry III

Anarchist elements have lost their main support; Having lost the idea of ​​supporting the “legal king”, they turned into ordinary robbers. The son of Marina Mnishek, Ivan, who received the nickname of Voronenka in Moscow, was too small to become the leader of the movement. Among the Cossacks and black people who did not pursue the purpose of the restoration of law and order, fermentation continued.

Ghost was destined to resurrect for the third time. At the beginning of the year in Novgorod, an impostor declared himself “a wonderful saved king Dmitry” in the market, but he was identified and expelled from the city with shame. From there, False Dmitry fled to Ivangorod and there on March 23 again declared himself the sovereign. The impostor told the townspeople that he was not killed in Kaluga, but "miraculously escaped" from death.

The Ivangorods were exhausted in an unequal struggle. For several months the fortress was besieged by the Swedes. In honor of the long -awaited “Savior”, for the joy of three days they called the bells and fired from guns. From all sides, mainly from Pskov, Cossacks flocked to the impostor. Under the power of the Ivangorod “thief” also transferred to the holes, Koporye and gds.

Then, in the spring of the year, the impostor entered into negotiations by the Swedish commandant of Narva Philip Scheding. Petrei reported that it was an impostor, after which King Charles IX ordered to stop all contacts with him [4]. Having gathered an army from the Cossacks and Sagittarius, the impostor moved to Pskov. According to the Pskov annals on July 8, his detachment was located in the vicinity of Pskov, he himself began negotiations with residents of the conditions for recognizing him by the sovereign [4].

The Pskovs were already ready to recognize the “thief”. Some Pskov residents began to run to the camp of False Dmitry III [5]. Learning about the impostor Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky, in their diplomas, called on the people not to believe “neither Marinka and the son or the thief that stands under Pskov” [6]. By this time, the impostor with his army had already committed a lot of robberies, ruin the surroundings of Pskov.

Upon learning of the approaching Pskov of a large detachment of the Swedes and Novgorodians, led by Swedish General Evert Gorn, he stopped negotiations with the Pskovichi and on August 23 retreated to the GDOV, throwing his guns [4]. The position of False Dmitry III is gradually strengthened, many cities recognized it, and Pskov turned out to be an impregnable fortress for the Swedes, all attempts at storms in September-October of the year were repelled.

This prompted Evert to lure False Dmitry on the Swedish side, inviting him to become a governor on the Pskov land [4], but to abandon claims to the Russian throne in favor of the Swedish prince. Playing the “legal king”, False Dmitry III rejected this proposal and accepted the battle [5]. Under his leadership, the Cossacks made a successful sortie and broke through the Swedish environment, trying to retreat to Ivangorod.

The Swedes organized the persecution and overtook the “thief”. In battle, the impostor was wounded. Not seeing help for himself, the Pskovichi, whose land was devastated both by the Swedes and the Poles called for False Dmitry III to themselves [4]. The Cossacks of the "Tsar" began to raid from Pskov and Gdov to Derpt and Swedish Livonia. In addition, the time is the news that another contender in the name of Tsar Dmitry, that is, False Dmitry IV, where all the Lower Volga region recognized him in Astrakhan.

However, at the beginning of the year, False Dmitry IV disappeared without a trace. Wanting to attract the militia near Moscow, False Dmitry III sent one of his chieftain to the capital. After long meetings, the Moscow Cossacks sent their representatives to Pskov - Kazarin Begichev and a badly Lopukhin, who, with a large coincidence of the Pskovichi, said that in front of them the “true sovereign” [5].

The Cossacks of the camp of the camp of the Moscow Region swore for False Dmitry on March 2, on March 2, as well as the “Pskov thief” called the “kissed cross” by the “kissed cross” by the nobles, the children of the boyars, Moscow tenants and the boyar Prince Dmitry Timofeevich Trubetskoy [8]. The oath of the impostor was brought by the southern and Seversky cities. The Pskov “thief” was preparing to arrive in the capital and bring the rights to Marina Mnishek as her wife and father of her child.

The Cossack embassy, ​​led by Ivan Pleshcheyev, was sent to Pskov for the safe passage of the "Tsar" to Moscow. The beginning of failures and death, however, in the spring of the year, began the fall of False Dmitry. Having reached the authorities, the Pskov “thief” began a dissolute life, committed violence against the townspeople and put the population with heavy tritches [5].

In Pskov there was a conspiracy against the impostor [7]. Dmitry Pozharsky and the Swedes united against him. The Moscow Cossacks, disappointed in the “king”, left Pskov, the Pskovs themselves were also ready to overthrow him [4]. In May, the Swedes besieged the Pskov suburb of Porkhov. The conspirators used the moment to remove the Cossack detachments devoted to the “king” from Pskov.

False Dmitry III, feeling something was amiss, on the night of May 18, tried to flee from Pskov to Gdov, but a detachment of Pskovichi was sent after him. Two days later, he was caught and delivered in chains to Pskov. He was put in a cage and put on public display. The Pskovs killed the “thief” and rushed to flee [7].

Literature Skrynnikov R. Skrynnikov R.Soloviev S. History of Russia since ancient times, Volume 8 Chapter 8.