Communist Party Brief biography

Do you want to see only good news? Return to ordinary tape? Lentapedia Communist Party of the Russian Federation Russian Political Party All -Russian Political Party, founded in the year. From the moment of creation, he has criticized the current government and the opposition has been positioning itself. The party leader since the year is Gennady Zyuganov. Property at the disposal or use of the CPSU was transferred to the state [].

In November, after the Constitutional Court partially canceled the ban on the activities of the Communist Party, demanding to re -create its governing bodies, work began on the restoration of the Communist Party of the RSFSR. On the basis of existing parties in the "communist and socialist orientation", an initiative organizing committee was created to convene a restorative congress [59], [].

Finally, on February, the second Extraordinary Congress of the Communist Party of the Communist Party, which was also the constituent [], [], [59], was held in the boarding house. The delegates of the congress were elected the Central Executive Committee of the CEC party consisting of 46 people, as well as its chairman, Gennady Zyuganov, deputy chairman Valentin Kuptsov, as well as the Central Control Commission [], [], [59].

At the congress, the party’s program statement and its charter were adopted. The “most massive party that is currently existing in Russia” was born, uniting all the well -known communist figures of the country, the media noted at that time: the Communist Party of the Communist Party was then estimated at thousands of people [], [], however, it was legally difficult to obtain this property: by decision of the constitutional court of the year, the property of the CPSU or property, which the CPSU used at the time of the prohibition, which the owner was uncertainly returned to the party, and the party was returned, and The state, however, the legality of the dissolution of the leading organizational structures of the Communist Party was confirmed by the state property, and no one was recognized as the successor of the CPSU.

" He pointed out that "in fact" there was nothing to return: in August, "resourceful party functionaries presented many fictitious structures that were hastened to transfer the property and money of the party." The finances of the CPSU also after the collapse of the communist system "surfaced in the form of new commercial banks and other structures" []. Representatives of the Communist Party of the Communist Party in the year claimed that "no court decision on" party money "has never been made" [59].

Analysts also drew attention to the fact that the “communist multi -partyism” in the country was preserved, despite the fact that the Communist Party, “thanks to the support on the old nomenclature personnel, which occupied firm positions in the economy, as well as in the regional and local authorities, quickly took“ dominant positions on the left flank ”[76]. The Communist Party in the years in September -October of the year erupted the political crisis, expressed in the armed confrontation of the two branches of power - legislative and executive.

A few days later, he issued decrees on the holding of the early elections of the President of the Russian Federation on June 12, as well as the appointment of a referendum on December 12 on the adoption of a new constitution. The actions of the head of state caused resistance from the parliamentarians, who on September 23, declaring the presidential powers of Yeltsin terminated, entrusted the performance of the duties of the President of the Russian Federation, Vice President Alexander Rutskoi [], [], [76].

The confrontation, in the end, led to the execution of the building of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation and the armed capture of the White House. In this situation, the leader of the Communist Party, unlike ordinary party activists, behaved carefully and, in a speech on television, called his associates to exclusively peaceful resistance [], [76]. Following the voting of December 12, the Communist Party received 12.4 percent of voters and, accordingly, 32 places according to a proportional system.

In single -mandate districts, 10 more candidates from the Communist Party won, and 13 party members were elected to the Federation Council [], [], [], [76]. Zyuganov became the chairman of the Communist Party of the Communist Party in the State Duma, and Ivan Rybkin, a member of the Duma agrarian faction, was elected speaker of the Lower Chamber, who in the former Russian parliament held the post of leader of the Russian Communists faction, [].

In the future, the Communist Party continued to actively criticize the activities of the authorities. After the Communist Valentin Kovalev, the Communist Party faction in the State Duma, was appointed Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation in the Government of Viktor Chernomyrdin in January, announcing this appointment to an attempt to “discredit the firm and consistent policy of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation in relation to the ruling regime”, excluded Kovalev from its composition: according to the heads of the faction, there could be no “talking about participation about the participation of participation about the participation of participation Communists in the government guilty of the destruction of our great country "[], [], [], [].

The Central Committee of the Central Committee appeared in the Communist Party of the Central Committee as part of members and 25 candidates, its Presidium 19 people and the secretariat of 5 people [], [], []. To control party activities, a central control and audit commission of 40 people [], [], [], was introduced. At the third congress, a new program and the charter of the party were also adopted.

As noted in the press, the amendments to the Charter approved by the Congress, including the proposed “measures to strengthen the principle of democratic centralism”, the ban on fractionality and double membership, responsibility to the leadership of the Communist Party of the Communists, elected to the Party Party Party, etc. Candidates from the Communist Party won 58 single -member districts [], [76], [76], [] [].

Goryacheva became deputy speaker of the State Duma. Party representatives headed nine State Duma committees: Viktor Ilyukhin’s security; in economics Yuri Maslyukov; in the affairs of the federation and regional policy Leonid Ivanchenko; under the legislation and judicial reform Anatoly Lukyanov; by education and science Ivan Melnikov; in tourism and sports Alexander Sokolov; for women, family and youth Alevtina Aparin; on the affairs of veterans Valentin Varennikov; In the affairs of public associations and religious organizations, Viktor Zorkaltsev [], [].

Zyuganov was elected the leader of the Duma faction of the Communist Party, Kuptsov also became his deputy in the faction, as the journal "Profile" noted, at that time, through Kuptsov, "financing of the party was carried out by representatives of large capital" []. In March, [] Zyuganov was registered by a candidate for president of the Russian Federation. Not only the Party of Communists, but also other movements, were supported by his support: in particular, the head of the Communist Party was supported by Sergey Baburin and the Russian public union headed by him, Stanislav Govorukhin and the Democratic Party of Russia, the leaders of the Power - People Bloc, as well as Viktor Anpilov and Labor Russia.

At the same time, part of Zyuganov’s supporters entered the “block of folk-patriotic forces”, the rest simply announced the readiness to support the candidate [], [], [81], [85], []. According to the results of the first round of voting on June 16, Zyuganov, along with Yeltsin, went to the second round, receiving, respectively, 32 and 35 percent of votes. However, the acting president with a result of 53.8 percent of the vote [], [76], [], [], [].

Analyzing the election results, many publications noted that Zyuganov and his supporters made significant mistakes in organizing the election campaign. The communist had a high rating and was very popular among voters, but, nevertheless, missed his chance to occupy the presidential chair []. Many experts, as well as Zyuganov’s associates, were inclined to the party that the Communist Party leader was frightened by a possible victory and, as a result, responsibility chose to maintain a place in the opposition, but under the authorities [].

In particular, the Career magazine claimed that in case of victory, Zyuganov simply would not know what to do with it, since he had no programs []. Zyuganov denied such assumptions, explaining that in some regions he managed to prove falsification, but "it was impossible to conduct an audit throughout the country." According to him, after those elections, he and his associates "decided to nominate candidates for the elections of governors, and not organize a civil war" [86].

In the year, the press published information that President Dmitry Medvedev in a conversation with the leaders of unregistered parties hinted that the elections of the year were dishonest, and not Yeltsin won them. However, Zyuganov, as well as other heads of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of interest in these statements, did not show the head of state [6], [4].

After the defeat of Zyuganov, the leaders of parties and movements that supported him in the elections decided to unite in July, creating the All-Russian public movement "The People's Patriotic Union of Russia" of the NPSR. In the press, at that time, the reason for the appearance of the NPSR was called the desire of the Communists to "change the image." It was not ruled out that "Zyuganov will have to leave the political advance." In particular, Vasily Starodubtsev became the governor of the Tula region, and the Krasnodar Territory was headed by Nikolai Kondratenko.

In another five regions, the Communist Party supported the current governors, who won [], [], []. Subsequently, political scientists talked about the formation of the so -called “red belt” in the X years of the country of the country, where sustainable support of the Communists was observed from the part of citizens, not only in the governor’s elections, but also in the elections to local legislative bodies [], [33], [], [], [].

After the default of Augustus, Yeltsin, in the place of the Prime Minister Sergei Kiriyenko, wanted to appoint Viktor Chernomyrdin, however, the opposition factions of the Communist Party, the Liberal Democratic Party of the LDPR and the Yabloko party in the State Duma voted against this purpose [], []. Then the president nominated Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov - as reported in the press, the only figure against which the leaders of the “left” did not have serious arguments.The journal "Profile" at that time wrote about the alleged "Fully" of the executive branch [].

In May, the State Duma deputies attempted to impeachment to President Yeltsin []. However, the Communist Party suffered a double defeat. A few days before the vote, the president dismissed the Primakov government [], [76], [], and then impeachment failed, since none of the five accusations of the head of state gained the necessary votes in the parliament [], [].

Before the elections in the State Duma of the third convocation in December, the Communist Party planned to gather all its allies into one coalition, but "everyone quarreled." As a result, to the “widely advertised“ bloc ”for the victory, which was headed by Zyuganov, in addition to the Communists, only part of the agrarian party, headed by Nikolai Kharitonov [], [], [], [].

The Communist Party of the Communist Party headed the merchants, received the highest result in the country - 24.29 percent of votes, but the pro -government "unity" lost only one percent. Another 46 deputies from the Communist Party received places in parliament based on the voting results in single -mandate districts. Despite the high percentage of the result, the representation of the Communists in the Duma was reduced, and as a result, the “left-patriotic forces” lost the “blocking package” [], [], [], [56], [], [].

In the registered Duma faction of the Communist Party, there were 95 deputies, another 23 official party nominees entered the agro -industrial deputy group. In the X years, the Communist Party conducted many rallies, strikes and demonstrations. At that time, the press wrote a lot about the All -Russian protest on October 7, which was conducted by the Communists and Trade Unions, demanding the resignation of President Boris Yeltsin and the change of government course.

The organizers of the strike claimed that about 12 million people took part in it, but the authorities did not confirm these data [], [], []. His main enemy was Vladimir Putin, after the resignation of Yeltsin at the end of December, he became the acting president of the country [], []. As the Independent Gazeta wrote, Zyuganova’s program included the actual return to the “Soviet model of the economy”: he proposed to transfer natural wealth to the state, and dividing income from their exploitation between citizens.

In addition, in the event of a victory, Zyuganov intended to return the state’s monopoly to the production and sale of wine and tobacco products, the revenues from which were to become the main source of budget replenishment. Zyuganov also planned political reform - he was going to amend the Constitution in order to form the government of the parliamentary majority []. Putin was noted by the media, there was no political platform as such: the country's leadership tried to impose the idea of ​​the absence of an alternative to Putin [], [].

Vladimir Putin, who gained 52.90 percent of the vote [], [], [], became president.

Despite the loss of the leader of the Communists, the voting results, according to analysts, confirmed his personal political stability and stable authority among the protest electorate []. The press reported that after the exclusion from the NPSR who elected another path in the NPSR, in fact, one serious political organization - the Communist Party remained. " Zyuganov, on the other hand, retained his post by the chairman of the Coordinating Council [], [], [].

In the spring of the year, a number of communists - the chairmen of parliamentary committees were dismissed by the decision of the ruling non -communist majority in the Duma from their posts. The plenums of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Duma committees, as well as the State Duma speaker Seleznev, resign as a sign of solidarity with the dismissed [].

In May, after refusing to submit to the Plenum’s decision and leave their posts in the Duma, Seleznev, as well as held the posts of the heads of committees Svetlana Goryacheva and Nikolai Gubenko by the decision of the new Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Communist Party of the Communist Party [], []. Zyuganov, explaining the decision of the Plenum, said that his former party comrades were excluded from it "for the failure to fulfill the charter and the damage that is caused to our common cause" [].

Commenting on this event, the "Vedomosti" noted that the Communist Party was "weakened, although it did not reach the split" []. Soon after these events, the party’s primary organization suggested Gubenko again to become a member of the Communist Party, and he accepted this proposal [80], was elected to the Duma on the lists of “Fair Russia” [69], [71], and Seleznev created and headed the movement of Russia, which later became the Russian Renaissance [], and also entered the pre -election lists of “patriots” Russia "in the elections of the year [70].

Subsequently, it was noted that the elections to the lower house of the parliament, which were on December 7, became failure for the Communist Party: according to the official voting results, the majority of votes - 37.56 percent - the United Russia party received them, while 12.61 percent of the vote was cast for the Communists [95], [], []. In single -mandate districts, 12 candidates were held from the Communist Party of the Communist Party [], [56].

The Communists, who conducted an alternative counting of votes using their observers in various polling stations, accused the Central Election Commission of mass falsifications. The conflict did not receive further development [], [], []. In the State Duma of the fourth convocation, the Communists received 52 places [], [56]. In January of the year, when the distribution of posts within the chamber took place, without exception, the committees in the State Duma were headed by representatives of United Russia.

Until the beginning of the X, the successful performance of the Communist Party of the Communist Party in the elections of governors continued. So, in the press the undoubted success of the Communists was called the election of the Nizhny Novgorod governor of Gennady Khodyrev, the former first secretary of the Gorky regional committee of the CPSU [], [], []. However, the press subsequently noted that already at that time the collapse of the “red belt” began - in the conditions of “centralization of power and tax revenues that developed in Putin's Russia” he became inevitable [41].

In particular, political scientists noted that in the parliamentary elections of the year, many Communist Governors, “being under the pressure of the federal government, in the press wrote about the next conflict inside the Communist Party. It was also expressed that his activities were beneficial to the Kremlin [], [], [] [], at the Congress of the Communist Party of the Communist Party, Semitigin tried to move him to The post of presidential candidate in the upcoming elections.