Features of the biography of Griboedov

Begichev and its beneficial influence. The sacred duty to defend the Fatherland saved them from the need against the will, to force the elders to bend their neck in front of various mercers and swallow office dust for the sake of career arrangement, and most importantly, withdrew from their native to the open life of an independent life. The Griboedov also belonged to such young men.

Two years of listening to university lectures was enough to pass the exam for a candidate with the right to the rank of twelfth grade. When the government turned to students of Moscow University with an appeal to join the militia, Griboedov could not help but be carried away by the general patriotic animation. However, the influence of his relatives affected: not in a simple, gray militia, he entered, but a cornet in one of the regiments formed at that time by aristocrats, precisely to the Hussar regiment of Count Saltykov.

It was July 26. The regiment gathered and equipped extremely slowly, and behind the death of Saltykov was completely dissolved. But since the fatal step was taken, Griboedov did not want to return to Ferula of his mother and uncle more and on December 7 entered the Irkutsk hussar regiment, which was part of the reserve Cavalry Corps initially in Mogilev, then in the elephant and finally in Brest.

Here he served under the command A. after each excessive constraint follows a reaction of some unbridledness. Naturally, the young seventeen -year -old hussar also dizzy when he felt that he was no longer obliged to put on the larvae of degree and thoroughness. This explains the fact that, having rushed with all the fervor of his first youth into the hussar jacks and other noisy entertainments and excesses, Griboedov tried to surpass his comrades in the sometimes not very testable passages and pranks that were distinguished by the hussars of that time.

So, once he drove riding to the second floor of the house to the ball. Another time in Brest, he climbed the choirs of the Catholic Church before the start of the service. The notes in front of the organ were disclosed. The monks gathered, the service began. When the music was required during the service, Griboedov began to play and played for a long time and perfectly. Suddenly, the sacred sounds fell silent and came from the choirs, to the horror and embarrassment of all the prayers, "Kamarinsky".

But this crisis did not last long. Griboedov had too gifted and deep nature so that hussar kateles and pranks could occupy him for a long time and make up the entire content of his life. In addition, fate sent him a friend in the person of adjutant General Kologrivov, Stepan Nikitich Begichev. Griboedov found in him a smart, pleasant interlocutor and leader, who, subordinating the young man to his beneficial influence, managed to fit him and wake up all the best qualities of his soul in him.

At least, this is what Griboedov himself speaks of the influence of his friend in a letter dated September 18: “You, my friend, settled in me or, better to say, unfolded my properties, love for good, and since then I only began to cherish honesty and everything that makes up the true beauty of the soul, from the time I met, and - to God! There was nothing surprising in the continuation of my whole life.

Begichev, under the influence of a friend, he begins to look at all his surroundings; Europe ”, two of his articles:“ On Cavalry Reserves ”and“ On the holiday given by General Kologrivov by his officers. ” In the description of the holiday, poems of patriotic content were also placed. Judging by the description, the feast was homeric and cost the founders of 10 thousand rubles by banknotes; Moreover, it is necessary to give justice to the generosity of the walking around the hussars: they did not forget to collect a thousand rubles for distribution to the poor who suffered during the fire of Moscow, and these Griboedov, with his article, took all comrades to the editorial office of the "Bulletin of Europe".

In the same year, Griboedov met Prince Alexander Alexandrovich Shakhovsky, who also served in military service. Conversations with this lover and expert on the stage again aroused the passion for the theater in Griboedov, and he decided to test his strength in the field of drama. Among the few official classes, leaving him a lot of free time, he translated with French poems, converting her and giving her the title "Young Wives", a small comedy of Lesser "Le Secret du Menage".

The comedy was translated by those heavy, rough six -footed iambic, which we wrote tragedies in the 18th and early 19th centuries and which did not resemble the light conversational verse "Wicked from the mind". From the names of the actors themselves: Arist, Elmira, Safir, - the false classical archaism blows you.It is as well as possible that after a coup and a rescue in Brest, a hussar society, and military service became unbearable for a young man.

In the year, taking his vacation, he arrived in St. Petersburg, and on March 25, he completely resigned. At that moment, Russia had just managed to come to her senses from many years of wars and rejoiced, proud of the role of the liberator of Europe. In all layers of society, a strong rise in spirit was felt, and the St. Petersburg Great Society was especially revived.

It then represented the focus of the country's mental life, and the most in this regard was distinguished by guard youth, who, tired of perennial serious campaigns and at the same time inspired by the vivid impressions made from the contemplation of Western European life, with zeal began to develop public and literary issues, and the dramatic scene was especially attracted then.

Many guards officers wrote and translated for the theater and took a hot participation in everything that was performed both in curtains and on stage. In the evenings, friendly circles gathered in which the works of the best playwrights, Russians and foreign ones were read, and hot disputes about stage art, the game of actors, etc. were conducted. This was the circle of Pavel Alexandrovich Katenin, whose opinions were trained by novice authors, who spent his first works.

Another theatrical circle was concentrated around A. Shakhovsky, the patron saint of stage talents, enriching the scene with his translations and alterations in accordance with the Russian customs of French plays. This circle consisted mainly of the elderly classics, which reached young people, with a patronizing smile. Friends and friends of Shakhovsky did not alien to backstage intrigues in their judgments, especially about actresses, could not boast of impartiality.

Arriving in St. Petersburg, Griboedov, with all the fervor of the twenty -year -old young man, rushed at the whirlwind of secular life and all kinds of metropolitan entertainment. To a large extent curved by Begichev in Brest, he was still at times fond of frantic praise, for example, once in the theater he began to applaud along the bald head in front of the sitting neighbor. Such behavior ensured him success among women and high -society, and stage, and novel adventures at that time were not translated.

However, he owed more than one reputation of a desperate hut and duelist this success, as well as his qualities, both external and internal. A pleasant, expressive appearance was combined in it with the grace of manners, dexterity, and we can skillfully ride on horseback, it is great to shoot aptly from a pistol. Freely explained in four languages, comprehensively educated, Griboedov could support the conversation, no matter what he concerned: scientific, art, political.

We already had the opportunity to talk about his musical improvisations, who fascinated society to self -forgetfulness. Conductiveness, wit, his sincerity charmingly acted on all friends and acquaintances. Bey contemporaries speak of him only with enthusiasm. With Griboedov, a noble man was made better, noer; His attachment to a friend, attention, sincerity, bright thoughts, high feelings shimmered into the soul and aroused the feeling of a new, sweet life.

His voice, gaze, smile, techniques had some kind of extraordinary charm; The sound of his voice penetrated into the soul, the belief poured from the lips of Field: “The eloquence of A. Griboedov, always fiery, was convincing because it was based on sound sense and deep scholarship. It was difficult to disagree with him in opinion. He had a special gift, like all the extraordinary people, to convince and attract hearts.

It was the same to love him. Most of all, his unprecedented goodwill, which was, was of his undeveloped goodness, which An unusual mind acted on the heart, how the warmth on the nature of Griboedov was attractive despite the fact that, with his embittered mind, an independent, proud character, sometimes reaching arrogance, he, neglecting all the shy conditions of secular life, cut everything into the eyes of the most bitter and sharp truth, without understanding the ranks and positions.

Bestuzhev: "Possessing all secular benefits, Griboedov did not like light, did not like empty visits or official dinners, nor brilliant holidays of the so -called best society. He could not and did not want to hide the ridicule over a hello and self -permanent stupidity, neither contempt for low traffic, nor indignation at the sight of a happy vice. The blood of the heart has always played in his face.

No one will boast of his flattery; No one dares to say as if he had heard from him a lie. He could deceive himself, but to deceive - never.The firmness with which he denounced vicious habits, despite the nobility of the person, would have seemed other Caton severity, even insolence; But as it was evident at the same time that he only wanted to apologize, and not to prick, then his moralizing, if not corrected, did not excite anger.

"But not for secular entertainment alone, Griboedov came to Petersburg. He was attracted by literature, and he did not slow down to make several literary acquaintances. So, except A. Shakhovsky, he close to A. Shakhovsky Katenin, Bulgarin and buckwheat at that time used a decent reputation in literary circles, and friendship with them could not seem as reprehensible as later.

At first, his stay in St. Petersburg, Griboedov also met Nikolai Ivanovich Khmelnitsky and Andrei Andreyevich Zhandr, with whom he remained connected by the bonds of friendship until death. A little later, in the year, Griboedov met V. Kuchelbeker and Pushkin. Kuchelbeker especially subsequently, in the Caucasus he lovely fell in love with Griboedov and revered him in front of him.

Pushkin, as we saw, appreciated it; Nevertheless, meeting in society, they were exchanged with jokes, sears, but did not converge briefly, and the reason for this lay, in all likelihood, that they belonged to different camps. Griboedov stood aloof from that literary current, which continued from the sentimentalism of Karamzin to the romantic pietism of Zhukovsky and the realism of Pushkin.

Claimed in the spirit of false classicism and close to such adherents of classicism as Shakhovskaya and Katenin, Griboedov in the early years of his literary activity declared himself in opposition and to the sentimentalism of Karamzin, and Zhukovsky’s romanticism, which, of course, explains the coldness with which Pushkin reacted to him and his whole circle.

Bringing the comedy "Young Spouses" with him from Brest, Griboedov saw her on stage on September 29, in the benefit of Semenova Jr.. The comedy was played successfully, and encouraged by the success of Griboedov in collaboration with Shakhovsky, Khmelnitsky and Zhandrome translated the comedy of Bart "Haundering infidelity", set on stage in February; On January, the year, in the benefit of Ms.

Valberkhova, the comedy "Own Family" was presented, in which the five scenes of the second action belonged to Griboedov. Simultaneously with this stage activity, Griboedov was carried away by the perky polemic that existed in the journalism of that time, determining not so much principles as the circle enmity and the game of personal luggles. So, a friend of Griboedov Katenin, despite his commitment to classicism, translated the romantic ballad of the burgher Lenor, converting it in accordance with the Russian customs: he called the heroine Olgo, the place of action from Bohemia moved near Poltava, transforming the era of the Seven Years of the War a year.

The heavy verses of Katenin did not like N. Gnedich, and he, under the pseudonym "Resident of the Tenteleva Village", responded to NO 24 "Son of the Fatherland" for the year about the transfer of Katenin unequilled. Griboedov stood up for a friend and - such was the naivety of that time - in the same "son of the Fatherland", in no 30, erupted by a sharp anti -Critics, representing a witty parody of the criticism prevailing at that time in our literature, based on the nit -picking to trifles.

With all the desire of the author, these poems were not printed in due time, but Griboedov distributed them himself in many lists. The Griboedov and Katenin, excited by the enthusiasm of all this controversy, wrote together the comedy "Student", in which the polemic has already switched to purely principled soil. This play, in the person of a student of Benevolsky, is an extremely comic personality, ridiculed sentimentalism, who dominated at that time among the youth under the influence of Karamzin’s stories and Zhukovsky’s poems.

Benevolsky, with its very surname, reminiscent of Zagoskin, who signed in the "northern observer" by the pseudonym Juvenal Benevolsky, is bursting with tiradeas, almost entirely taken from Karamzin, Zhukovsky and Batyushkov. This comedy due to transparent hints of personality could not appear either in print or on stage. But there is no doubt that in the manuscript it was presented to the enemies against whom it was intended, that is, the members of the Arzamas, and it is clear that the circumstance even more distant Griboedov from Pushkin and his friends.

But one should not think that Griboedov, having joined the false classical camp, be from head to toe the false classic and fought blind and fierce hatred to romanticism. He belonged to those brilliant minds that go their own independent road and are alien to any unilateral hobbies that exist in their time. Critically referring to all teachings and camps, they only borrow from each what they find in this teaching the most rational and living, but this choice makes them not eclecticisms, but rather synthetics.Thus, despite the fact that Griboedov rushed their sugary sentimentality in the romantics of Arzamas, he is to his partisans [the party’s adherents, supporters, and accomplices.