The red biography of Yesenin

Yesenin Sergey Baby, mischievous, thoughtful, sad. He was called the singer of the Russian soul, all its reflections - light and dark, tall and mundane. He sang a craving for freedom and longing for lost love, the beauty of his native nature and the tragedy of the era. His name, stormy life and terrible death entered the blood and flesh of Russian poetry, became its symbol. Childhood and youth Sergei Yesenin Sergey Alexandrovich Yesenin was born on September 21 on October 3 in a peasant family in the Big Ryazan village of Konstantinovo.

The father of the poet Alexander Nikitich often left the village, earning a piece of bread in city crafts. Mother Tatyana Fyodorovna, sung by her son in famous verses, worked as a servant in the merchant house in Ryazan, an employee at a confectionery factory in Moscow, so Seryozha brought up, for the most part, his mother Fyodor Andreevich Titov, a strong incidence peasant.

Both grandmothers of Sergei Yesenin were distinguished by religiosity, so one of his most striking early memories was the wandering blind people, spiritual poems, stories from the Holy Scriptures, and pilgrimage to monasteries. Under the influence of folk religious poetry, the first poetic images developed, creative forces awakened. Nevertheless, despite the praying environment, Yesenin grew up a living, restless boy, was a tag of children's games, not returning home without a scratch, bruises and cones.

The education of Sergei Yesenin in September, 9-year-old Sergei Yesenin entered the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo People's School. His first teacher was P. Ivanov, a strict and demanding teacher. Sergei studied unevenly, stayed twice in the third grade, but still graduated from the school with a commendable sheet. In September, he entered the teacher's school in the Spas-caps, from where rural teachers were released.

Encouraged by the literature teacher E. Khitrov, in the year Yesenin wrote his first poetic works. In the year, the summer poet was carried away by thickness, and even for some time he adhered to vegetarianism. In August, at the end of the training of five in the Russian language, history, geography, calligraphy and only one three-according to the church-Slavic Yesenin, he moved to Moscow without a penny in his pocket and got a seller in the book trade partnership “Culture”, then a corrector in the printing of I.

Sytina, became close to writers from the Surikovsky circle. From the fall of the year to March, Yesenin attended classes of the historical and philosophical department of the People’s University A. Lectures on the history of Russian literature, which was read by Professor P., the beginning of the creative activity of Sergei Yesenin, the early poems of Yesenin reflected the spiritual searches of the young dreamer.

At his 14-17 years, they were tangled by the muse of the “folk” poets of I. Nikitin, S. Drozhzhin, A. In them, the motives of loneliness and death, religious thoughts and Christian searches sounded in them. The first publication of Yesenin dates back to the beginning of the year, when in the first issue of the Children's magazine "Mirok" under the pseudonym "Ariston" the poem "Birch" was published.

Before the First World War, individual poetry poetry appeared in other children's magazines, as well as in the Bolshevik newspaper The Path of Pravda. Soon Yesenin expanded the subject, in his singing lines the motives of the rebellion of Martha Posadnitsa, Council, reflections on the fate of the people of Mikola, sounded in his singing lines. By the beginning of the year, Yesenin found his own voice, left the Surikovsky circle and moved to Petrograd.

On the day of arrival, he went to the apartment to Alexander Blok, read his poems to him and received the approval of the recognized master. The success of the summer peasant guy was swift, 51 out of 60 of his poems was adopted by the metropolitan press. Yesenin was invited to literary salons, including D., acquaintances with writers - S. Gorodetsky, A. Remizov, R.

Ivnev, M. Gorky, began correspondence with N. The influence of the latter on Yesenin, especially after their personal meeting in October of the year, was extended not only to the creative, but also to the everyday spheres of life. After the release of the first in the bibliography of the works of Yesenin, the Radunitsa collection of poems, the Radunitsa, was approved and recognized by the sophisticated audience.

The freshness and colorful images, the natural taste and sad lyricism instantly put forward Yesenin into the main hopes of Russian poetry. In July, Yesenin, who served in a military-sanitary train, read his poems to the wounded in the presence of Empress Alexandra Fedorovna. His poems, among which were already genuine masterpieces, were in time in the largest periodicals. The work of Sergei Yesenin since Yesenin’s military service was held in Tsarskoye Selo, the poet spent most of the time there, visiting Petrograd if possible.

In the capital, he was found by the February Revolution, which he adopted with reckless joy - the radical renewal of the world, the release of the dormant forces of the people began. In March, Yesenin was demobilized and plunged headlong into the abyss of change. He praised the "red horse in red summer", welcomed "violent Rus'."Politically, Yesenin sympathized with Left Socialist -Revolutionaries in the year, regularly published in their main printed body - the newspaper "The Case of the People".

The singing call ”,“ Oktoy ”,“ coming ”, etc., and others. All the former canons of Yesenin turned to dust. The “cow” saved him to replace him. This led to a sharp exacerbation, and soon to the breakdown of relations with N. in the spring of the year, Yesenin again moved to Moscow, where he was actively printed. The latter was important as the presentation of the Yesenin's view of art, and, in fact, became the manifesto of the imaginists - a new literary trend that proclaimed the championship of a verbal image, metaphors over the idea.

In addition to Yesenin, A. Mariengof, V. Shershenevich, R. This manifesto, as it were, renounced his thorough image of the guy from the people, “Shepherdess”. From now on, he is the founder of new poetry, an equal to the great. In the revolutionary vortices, such significant works as “Pugachev” and “Inonia” were born. Yesenin plunged into the folk element, God -fighting, a whirlpool of images, but the bitterness of loss appeared through this passionate avalaxa.

The growing gap between the “departing” and “new Russia” gave the poet’s creativity a tragic shade. The fear of soullessness and violence appeared in the poem of the year “Sorokoust”. The theme of despair was intensified from the poet’s unsettled personal life, from protracted pursuits, from disappointment with a revolution, but even on his gloomy days, Yesenin remained a great poet - confirmation of this is the stunning lyrics of “Moscow Kabatsky” and “Black Man”.

From May to August. Yesenin held on a foreign tour. Voyage in Europe and America, accompanied by Isadora Duncan, was marked by a series of scandals. In the United States, the poet broke and went into a binge, and since the “dry law” acted there, Yesenin interrupted by poor -quality surrogates. Ignorance of the language, the shaken health, drunkenness and constant misunderstandings on this basis imposed an indelible imprint on the Yesenin impression of America.

In the last years of his life, Yesenin traveled a lot around Russia. Several times he visited the Caucasus, regularly visited Leningrad, searched for new topics, new inspiration, but internal discord led to regular breakdowns, ribs and even arrests. Collections of those years “Confession of the bully”, “Poems of the scandalist”, “Persian motifs” fully reflect the poet of feelings - longing, doom, thoughts of suicide.

The family and personal life of Sergei Yesenin's personal life of Sergei Yesenin became the theme of many books and television series. He attracted women beautiful and charming. Except for youthful hobbies, Anna I fair -in -law was his first civilian wife. Close relations lasted a little over a year, their result was the son of Yuri Sergeyevich I was born in the year. The life of the first -born the poet was tragic, he died in the year in the midst of repression.

In the spring of the year, Yesenin met Zinaida Reich, the daughter of a German immigrant and an impoverished Russian noblewoman. The young, beautiful and feminine Zina worked as a driver in the newspaper "The People of the People", where Yesenin was often published. Already in August they got married. Subsequently, when numerous fans wondered who Yesenin loved more than others, the answer almost always sounded - Zinaida Reich.

For four years of marriage, the couple had two children - Tanya and Kostya. Tatyana Sergeevna Yesenina became a journalist, engineer Konstantin Sergeyevich Yesenin is known, first of all, as a football historian. The next marriage of Yesenin with the famous American dancer Isadora Duncan, who was 17 years older than her husband, turned out to be noisy and scandalous. Poetic passion subsided after a few months, drunk feasts began, in the middle of which Yesenin allowed himself to be unceremoniously treated with the famous wife.

The marriage lasted a little more than a year and a half. The new passions of Yesenin - Galina Benislavskaya and August Mikravskaya - did not become his wives, but inspired the poet to beautiful lines about sad and bright love. In addition, in the year, from the connection of Yesenin with Nadezhda Volpin, his fourth child was born-son Alexander Yesenin-Volpin, later a prominent mathematician and dissident.

Sofya Andreevna Tolstaya, the granddaughter of the great writer, was the last wife of the Huligan poet. They formed a relationship in September, three months before the death of the poet.

Following the example of her grandmother, Sonya dreamed of devoting herself to serving a brilliant and wayward artist, but fate ordered otherwise - she only had the opportunity to keep the posthumous heritage of the poet. The death and funeral of Sergei Yesenin at the end of November after the next nestle at the insistence of his wife Yesenin lay down for treatment at a psychiatric clinic in Bozheninovsky Lane in Moscow.

Black melancholy and thoughts of suicide have repeatedly visited the poet with cold evenings. He wanted to go far, far away, divorce, start all over again or end life in one fell swoop. Yesenin left the hospital twice and immediately went into a binge, he was returned in a state of white fever. In Leningrad, the poet again went into a binge, and on the night of December 28 came a denouement.

Left alone, Yesenin locked himself in the room, drank beer and wrote blood to a brief farewell poem “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye ...” Then the poet built a scaffold from the furniture to get to the steam heating pipe under the ceiling, threw a rope removed from the suitcase through it, and went into a different world.