Bellyubsky Nikolai Biography

Bellyubsky Nikolai Apollonovich - Russian Railway Engineer, scientist in the field of bridge, construction mechanics, materials science, N. Bellyubsky was born on March 1 13 in Kharkov in a noble family. His father, A. Bellyubsky, was an inspector of the Kursk-Kyiv railway. In the year, Summer Nikolai graduated from the Taganrog Gymnasium with the Gold Medal and in the same year entered the St.

Petersburg Institute of Railways, which he graduated from the year. For excellent successes, his name was listed on the marble memorial plaque, and he himself was left at the institute as a tutor and teacher in construction mechanics, bridges and hydraulics. In the first years of teaching, N. Bellyubsky lectured on construction mechanics not only at the Institute of Railways, but also at the Mining Institute, at the Institute of Civil Engineers and the Academy of Arts.

His scientific and practical work in the field of bridge building and study of building materials gained world fame, left a deep mark in the development of science. In the year, N. Bellyubsky was elected an extraordinary professor in the department of construction mechanics, and in the year the orderly professor of the St. Petersburg Institute of Railways, the head of the department.

In addition, he also managed the work of students in the design of diploma bridges. Bellyubsky founded a mechanical laboratory for testing materials, now bearing his name at the St. Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers. This laboratory received the value of the central station for mechanical research of building materials. Bellyubsky, as a representative of the laboratory, participated in the development of the latest rules and conditions for accepting building materials - cement, various metals adopted in Russia.

He possessed a feeling of new and always tried to realize the most progressive and new ideas. He highly appreciated reinforced concrete - the new building material at that time and predicted a great future, according to his own program, he led the tests of reinforced concrete structures. In years, under the leadership of Bellyubsky, the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete were comprehensively studied, and in years, technical conditions for reinforced concrete work were developed.

In one of his speeches called "On the use of reinforced concrete in the bridge" N. Bellyubsky substantiated the advantages of reinforced concrete to increase the length of spans and the variety of bridge structures. In the laboratory headed by N. Bellyubsky, transformed into a state testing station, the mechanical properties of Russian building materials were investigated and described.

Bellyubsky was the first to note the high qualities of cast iron in comparison with welding for bridge structures and from a year introduced it into domestic bridges. Since the year, N. Bellyubsky was an active member of international meetings and congresses to establish uniform ways of testing building materials, being a representative from Russia in the Council of International Society for the Testing of Materials.

Since the year, Professor Bellyubsky reads a course of testing materials at the Institute of Railways Engineers and at the Higher Art School at the Academy of Arts, and from a year at the highest female polytechnic courses. As for the practical activities of Bellyubsky, it was expressed mainly in the preparation of projects of a large number of bridges, and for most of them it was used in Russia earlier than in other states, the design of free transverse beams proposed by him.

The first practical experience of Professor Bellyubsky was the work in years on the design and construction of the “Bypassing of the Verebinsky Lift”. Verebyinsky climb was considered the most emergency and “narrow place” of the entire line of the Nikolaev railway from St. Petersburg to Moscow. During the construction, two complex engineering tasks were solved: the construction of a unique embankment 49 meters high and the construction of bridge supports in the channel of the deep -sea Msta River for the first time with a caisson method.

The construction of the Mstinsky bridge was carried out as part of the radical reconstruction of the Nikolaev railway, which passed from for a year. During these years, 90 wooden bridges built in the X-Yu-Zhuransky system were replaced on the St. Petersburg-Moscow line, and iron. It is curious that the massive restructuring of bridges was carried out without a break in the movement of trains, and it was Bellyubsky who developed a way of rapidly replacing wooden structures of bridges with metal without interrupting movement, and made significant improvements in the design of metal span structures.

All creative activity N. Bellyubsky from a year to the October Revolution of the year is characterized by the work on the design of bridges on many roads under construction. In years, on his own project, he built the Alexander bridge across the Volga of the Samaro-Zlatoust railway near Syzran. When designing the bridge, Bellyubsky developed a method for calculating the holes of large bridges, which became widespread.The novelty of the equipment amounted to 13 spans of 52 fathoms with a total length of about a fathom meter.

It took to the cube. He received iron personally from Belgium and demanded an improvement in his quality. He himself investigated the living conditions of the Volga. 2.5 thousand participated in the work. The first train proceeded on August 30. The Syzran bridge is a wonderful creation of engineering, for a long time remained the largest bridge in Europe and the second in the world in the world.

The bridge connected the railway network of the Russian Center with the Volga and Siberia. In years, Professor Bellyubsky built a two -tier bridge over the Dnieper at Yekaterinoslav in a fathom of 15 spans of 39 fathoms, and the bottom of the bridge served as railway, and the top as the crew passage. Soon, according to his project, a bridge was built across the Bely River near Ufa on the Samaro-Zlatoust railway.

In the project of the bridge across the Volga on the Nikolaev railway by N. Bellyubsky, freely, freely based on the transverse beams on balancer was used. The model of this articulated reinforcement of the transverse beams was awarded a medal at the Edinburgh exhibition in the year. Later, on the Buzan River in the Volga Delta in Astrakhan, according to the Bellyubsky project, a bridge with a console span was built, which made it possible to reach the overlap of spans in M ​​with a curved outline of the upper belt.

The depth of the caisson laying here is the largest of all bridges of Russia at that time and reaches 32 meters. Bellyubsky here created original bridge constructions, a method of calculating the holes of large bridges, adopted in the international practice of bridges, was proposed. Bellyubsky conducted a great pedagogical work on the training of specialists for the country's railways, and his work “Course of Construction Mechanics”, published for the first time in the year, for a long time was the most popular textbook for students and a desktop book of many engineers.

He told the students: “You are future engineers. There is no more beautiful share. You will design and build bridges. This is a matter for centuries. Look for the best designs, techniques and construction methods. But do not forget one thing - to be the master of your construction projects. Not the owners, but the owners, for you are building for the state, for the people.

Build talus, carefully, economically, firmly. And new. Every time brings his useful novelty, each engineer must take a step forward in his practice. In any case, he must want to do this, otherwise he is not an engineer, not the master of his work. ” Classes on the design of bridges, and then the lectures of Nikolai Apollonovich in the construction mechanics were colorful and alive, they obeyed with great attention.

On the initiative of N. Bellyubsky, a "Society for Memitating to insufficient students" was created. The high civil qualities of N. Bellyubsky manifested themselves in the organization and improvement of Russian technical education of women. On his initiative, the “Society for the Review of Women's Technical Education” was established, and later he became the first chairman of the Council of Petrograd Women's Polytechnic Courses.

The works of Bellyubsky relate to the calculation and design of bridges: the translation of the composition of Lesl and Schubler “The calculation of the farms of iron bridges” 2 parts, of which the first is printed in the “Journal of the Ministry of Railways”, and the second separately per year; "Construction mechanics" of lectures; brochures in Russian and German on various issues of bridge practice; Tables for selection of sections and weight calculations in the design of iron structures, many articles in the “Journal of the Ministry of Railways”, “Notes of the Imperial Russian Technical Society”, “Izvestia Assembly of Engineers of Railways” and in various technical journals in French, German and English.

Bellyubsky was among the talented Russian engineers who participated in the design and construction of the Trans -Siberian Railway. He was one of the members of the commission "On the issue of railway through all of Siberia." The harsh-climatic conditions, the most difficult terrain, the abundance of rivers, including such large and multi-water ones as Irtysh, Ob, Yenisei, Amur, demanded the construction of a large number of structures-tunnels, retaining walls, railway bridges.

Professor N. Bellyubsky was the main builder of the Ob bridge-the first of the giant bridges of the great railway. The bridge connected the two largest and most significant sections of the Trans-Siberian Railway-the West Siberian and Middle Siberian Railways. For the first time, spans were used that were overlapped with metal structures of the console-beam type, and the bridge itself went down in history as the largest structure of the West Siberian line.

Ob bridge contributed to the emergence and rapid growth of the city of Novonikolaevsk Novosibirsk. In the year in Nikolaev, a railway lighthouse was built on the project of N. Pyatnitsky and A. Baryshnikov, the expert of which was N. It was a unique building with a height of 40.2 m with a wall thickness of 7.5 to 10 cm. The expert found inaccuracy in the project and gave the authors some recommendations that were taken into account during the construction.The scientist paid special attention to the appearance of structures, especially city bridges - according to his projects, the Rusanovsky bridge was built across the Rusanovsky duct in Kyiv, the Nevsky bridge in St.

Petersburg. Each of its bridges is an architectural and artistic work, a combination of practical benefits, beauty and strength. Thanks to such engineers, Russia almost did not know bridge disasters. Bellyubsky took part in the development of projects of St. Petersburg bridges: Okhtinsky, Trinity, Palace. And in the years, N. Bellyubsky headed the construction project of the Finland railway bridge.

He led the team, which included engineers G. Krivoshein, I. Aleksandrov, architect V. Divodnaya two -way bridge, a length of meters through the Neva is located on the Finnish connecting railway line within St. Petersburg.

However, the top of the scientist’s activity was the Romanovsky bridge after the October Revolution, renamed the Red Bridge with openwork oval lattice spans, built in the year on the Sviyazhsk - Green Dols. Openland oval lattice spans amounted to 75 fathoms or, 3 m. Due to their lengthening, the number of spans was reduced six and two small. It is known that the Bellyubsky project provided for the construction of an even more beautiful bridge, but the Joint -Stock Company of the MCC did not go to additional expenses.