Biography of Stalin 1952

Sometimes diametrically opposite points of view are expressed. Behind his fierce figure in the unchanged jacket, which has become his hallmark from the time of the Civil War, there will always be two shadows - a bright victory in the most bloody war and gloomy Gulag. The eastern resourceful mind allowed him to successfully play the most incredible political combinations.

After all, he was able to be the position of secretary, in fact, the head of the personnel department of the Bolshevik party to raise to inaccessible heights. Having spent his whole life in the struggle with his enemies, his life has become a vivid confirmation of the old truth: fighting the enemy, you gain his features. You can safely add to this saying and "perform its covenants." The enemy of Stalin Trotsky argued that we can only destroy the peasantry as the main supplier of human resources.

And Stalin broke the Ridge of the Support of Russia-the peasantry, which can be read in detail in the historical park "Russia-My History". Comrade Koba Joseph Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, was born on December 21 on December 9 according to the old style of the year in the city of Gori, the Tiflis province. His father is Vissarion Ivanovich, by nationality of Georgians, came from the peasants and was a shoemaker by profession.

Mother - Ekaterina Georgievna - from the family of the serf peasant Geladze. This is an official version, but already about the family itself and the birth of future Stalin there are legends and versions. Which is not surprising, because according to the Metric Book of the Gorian Assumption Cathedral Church, which registered the fact of the birth of Stalin, it is indicated that “Vissarion Ivanovich Dzhugashvili and his wife Ekaterina Gavrilovna, the son of Joseph, exists on December 6, exists and his own personally filled with questions about his biography, addressed to him by the Swedish newspaper“ Folk Dagblad is a politician ”in the year, where he himself wrote the date of his birth - a year.

This, by the way, is the only document where the date is affixed by Stalin's hand. In all other cases, in the materials and questionnaires of the party congresses, in party bits, in the lists of members of the Central Committee and other documents, the date of birth of Stalin was affixed by the hand of the relevant secretary or assistant, and everywhere it is only a year.

It is known that during the life of Joseph Stalin, everything related to his biography could not be the subject of discussion, research, and even the presentation from a separate historian. In fact, no research on this fund was conducted, while Stalin himself was alive, and after his death, the institute, transformed into a short GG. It is believed that it would give the basis for clarifying many unlit aspects of his biography.

But neither in e nor in e, and, especially, in years, work on the study of Stalin’s activities was prohibited for various reasons. And the wave of “debunking of Stalinism”, which arose in the second half of the years concentrated all the interest of researchers only on materials regarding the struggle of Stalin against his political opponents within the party, to the processes of the 10ths, to the repressive actions of the GPU and the NKVD.

The debunking of the cult of personality in the historical park "Russia-My History" is dedicated to a separate stand. Nevertheless, much from the biography of Joseph Dzhugashvili is reliably known. So, exactly at the age of five, he fell ill with black smallpox and barely survived, having later giving the gendarmes in the column “special signs” of the terrorist Jugashvili to write: “Ryaboy's face, with poisoning signs”.

In the fall of the year, Joseph Dzhugashvili began his studies at the Gorya Theological School. In the year, after graduation, he entered the Tiflis Orthodox Theological Seminary. In August, he formally joins the Tiflis organization of the RSDLP and becomes a member of the Mesama-Dasi group in the translation means “third group”-the first Georgian Social Democratic organization to the spread of the ideas of Marxism.

Since the entry into Mesam Dasi, Dzhugashvili and later began to count his party experience. In the year, Joseph is excluded from the seminary, and he is tired of the Tiflis physical observatory, which provided him with an official apartment. In the year, the authorities in Tiflis, having decided to end the Social Democrats, conducted a number of searches and arrests.

After a search in the apartment of Dzhugashvili, he left his job and switched to an illegal position. In the year, being in the Kutaisian prison, he took a pseudonym - Koba. According to one version, this is the name of the hero from the novel by Alexander Kazbegi The Fatherland. Under this pseudonym, Stalin was known in the revolutionary movement of Transcaucasia. In the novel, Koba is incorruptible, strong in spirit, immature.

In the life of Koba-Jugashvili, he was actively engaged in the organization of expropriations, that is, the robbery of banks and mail cars. From the official biography you can find out that he was arrested eight times for a year, sent seven times to exile, six times he made shoots. Even when the party decided to suspend the activities of combat squads, Koba continued to organize enthusiastically and manage terrorist actions.

The Bolshevik principles of building a party fully compliance with the character of Koba.However, the views on the party of Koba and Ulyanov Lenin diverged. Dzhugashvili believed that the closed organization of tested fighters costs more than the spontaneous movements of the masses. According to Lenin, the party should be the vanguard of the masses. In the year, Dzhugashvili was cooped into the Bolshevik Central Committee.

On the behalf of V. Ulyanov Lenin, who was in exile in Vologda Kobe, was ordered by G. In the Central Committee, he was instructed to deal with a national issue in the Central Committee. The political prospects that opened before him after the decisions of the Prague Conference inspired Kobu. Now he could actually be considered a third or fourth person in the leadership of the Bolsheviks.

Joseph Dzhugashvili, as a member of the leadership of the Bolsheviks, could no longer remain some kind of guy Koba. It is known that for all the years Dzhugashvili had 32 pseudonym. Possessing several modifications or options for his pseudonyms and party nicknames, Stalin used them not as it hit, but in a certain pattern, for example, in accordance with a particular press and even time.

In January, I. Dzhugashvili had a new pseudonym. Stalin, ”was signed by the first serious major theoretical work“ Marxism and the National Question ”, which was highly appreciated by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin. It is interesting that after years, it was on this issue that the most significant political conflict broke out between the Lenin and Stalin, which was dissimulated in the halls of the Historical History of the Revolution of the Revolution of the February Revolution of the year Stalin Stalin.

Dzhugashvili met in Siberia. In the seething and noisy Petrograd of the year, Stalin supported the new line of the party proclaimed in the so -called April theses of Ulyanov Lenin. It was Stalin who organized the escape of Ulyanov Lenin from Petrograd in July, after the unsuccessful Bolshevik coup of July. It is not known exactly where Stalin spent the fateful night from October 25 to 26.

It is only reliable that at that time he lived in the apartment of his future father -in -law Sergei Alliluyev. His name is not mentioned among the leaders of the uprising. In the first Soviet government, formed after the victory of the October Revolution, Stalin took the post of People's Commissar for Nationalities, that is, he continued to do what he had been doing in the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks Central Committee.

During the Civil War, Joseph Stalin was appointed a member of the Revolutionary Military Council of a number of fronts. One of the reasons is the issue of using the military. Over the two years of the war, he visited all the most important fronts, visited many regions of the country. The years of the Civil War have largely influenced the personality of Stalin. It is believed that it was during the war that he formed a military way of thinking and command style.

The time spent on the fronts of the Civil War gave Stalin an experience that he successfully used later. In the spring of the year, he became a member of the first composition of the Politburo and the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP B, the People's Commissar of State Control from the year of the Workers 'and Peasants' Inspectorate-RCTs, Rabkrin, the state control body, which operated in the Soviet state for years.

This post at that time was not enough, as it meant, as it was created for purely hardware. But it was this appointment that became one of the decisive factors, at first, his victory over his political competitors, and then, first transformations into a party and then state leader. Joseph Stalin took possession of a party personnel car and very quickly realized that the one who controls the staff, ultimately, controls everything.

And it is no coincidence that later he will put forward a defining slogan: “Personnel decide everything! By that time, he only positioned himself as a person who plays for the unity of the party, and the one who opposed himself to the unity of the party opposed him, Stalin Dzhugashvili.

Stalin Dzhugashvili, being the main organizer of the funeral of Lenin Ulyanov, already declared himself as the main receiver of the leader. And his performance at the II All -Union Congress of Soviets was largely addressed to the opposition. And, first of all, Trotsky, who did not even come to the funeral of the leader from Kislovodsk, where he spent his vacation. Thus began a decisive campaign to fight Trotskyism.

The struggle against the opposition, that is, with those who had a different opinion from the Secretary General, has become a matter of his life. For this struggle, he used a lot of funds, including doing everything so that the party workers faithful to him fell into important positions in the apparatus, instead of the old Bolsheviks. The defeat of the opposition, successfully carried out on the ideological front, it would seem, did not concern economic issues.

But the activities of the heads of the executive branch - Rykov, and then Molotov and the formal head of state Kalinin, was, in fact, firmly controlled and controlled by the party and its general secretary Joseph Stalin Dzhugashvili. All the most important solutions, such as curtailing the NEP of a new economic policy, industrialization, collectivization, dispossession, five -year plans were accepted in the bowels of the party of the party.And the implementation of these and other life -determining decisions, including international relations, was controlled by party bodies.

But when, as a result of the power of fateful decisions by the power, certain errors were found, or, as it was customary to say, one or another skew, the general secretary was easily dissolved from distortions and bends, as “left” and “right”. As, for example, during the period of collectivization in the article “Dizziness from Success”, published in Pravda of March 2, he pointed out the inadmissibility of “curvatures” during collectivization.

He indicated in order to continue to continue the very “curvatures” again. The transition and the construction of a new type of political regime, which was created by Stalin Dzhugashvili. Vortia of collectivization and industrialization teased society. The expansion of the network of correctional labor camps, mass expulsions, arrests, loud processes and executions on the lists, regular cleaning in the party and Komsomol created an atmosphere of suspicion, distrust among people, and gave rise to a poisonous sense of fear.

Stalin Dzhugashvili tried to justify the policies of mass terror with the thesis of the exacerbation of the class struggle put forward by him as the construction of socialism was built. In the second half of the years, not just dominant, but the dictatorial role of the Secretary General in all areas of life became completely obvious. It is no coincidence that in May, he formally headed the government, which had previously worked under his control.

As, however, the displaced chairman of the government Vyacheslav Molotov Skryabin. The Great Patriotic War on June 22, the beginning of World War II, Stalin Dzhugashvili met at the head of the Soviet government and the Bolshevik party. In the year, the State Committee for Defense of the GKO was formed by the State Committee for Defense of the State Unitary Enterprise, the activities of all state departments and institutions were resolved, the issues of transferring the country's economy to ensure the needs of war, mobilizing the country's human resources for the needs of the front and national economy, the preparation of reserves and personnel for the Red Army and industry, the evacuation of industry from threatened areas, established the volume and terms of supply of industry industry, etc.

The highest executive body of the State Unitary Enterprise, for the operational and strategic leadership of the armed struggle, was the headquarters of the Supreme High Command, initially the headquarters of the main command, then the headquarters of the supreme command. The very beginning of the war was for Stalin Dzhugashvili in many ways unexpected.