Vannikov Boris Biography

Vannikov Boris Lvovich: Brief biography of September 7, Vannikov B. Baku in the family of a worker. In the city, to help the family, with G. was a driller, a locksmith at oil crafts, a turner at the factory, the younger foreman of the Zemsky Union for the construction of the Railway Transcaucasia. A member of the party since G. since December at the same time studied at the MVTU them.

Bauman, who graduated from the city of Vannikov, worked at the Lyubertsy plant of agricultural engineering Moscow region: engineer, workshop chief, technical director. In gg. Vannikov holds the post of head of the 3rd Main Directorate of the People’s Commissariat of the defense industry of the USSR, since December, the introduction of new weapons technique has not always passed smoothly, often the leaders of military departments were opposed to the production of new types of weapons, and Vannikov had to uncompromisingly uphold the advanced point of view of designers and manufacturers.

In early June, Vannikov was unexpectedly removed from the post of People's Commissar of Arms of the USSR, arrested and was under investigation in the NKVD internal prison shortly before the release, he was proposed to prepare a note by I. Stalin with the presentation of his considerations regarding measures to develop weapons production in the conditions of the war began.

After discussing the note by I. Stalin B. Vannikov, a certificate was awarded, where it was written that he was arrested by misunderstanding and was considered completely rehabilitated. For several months, B. Vannikov first worked in the drug addict of weapons, then on the implementation of the assignment of the State Defense Committee regarding the production of ammunition to anti -aircraft guns and the restoration of artillery plants evacuated into the country.

In early February, already in the first months of the war it became clear what a huge work was done in the pre -war period in our military industry. It is no accident that the group of leaders of this industry was awarded the title of heroes of socialist labor. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "For exceptional merits to the state in the organization of production, the development of new types of artillery weapons and the skillful leadership of the plants" B.

Vannikov was also awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. In August, Vannikov was appointed deputy chairman of the Special Committee under the GKO since September at the same time in March-June G. Vannikov stood at the origins of the nuclear industry of the USSR. Under his leadership, the first nuclear industrial centers of the country were created, the development and successful tests of nuclear weapons were carried out, the basics of using nuclear technologies for the production of electricity and to use them for medical and other national economic purposes were laid.

In April, B. Work of the Council was appointed by its chairman in solving scientific and technical problems to create a technology for processing uranium ores, obtaining plutonium, the release of enriched uranium, etc. For this, it was necessary to create a whole network of well -equipped laboratories, design bureaus, design institutes and large industrial enterprises. All this was under the jurisdiction of B.

during the entire period of installation and launch of the first nuclear reactor for the production of plutonium I. Kurchatov and B. Vannikov constantly controlled the course of work. Shortly before the test of the first nuclear bomb of the RDS-1 on August 29, Vannikov suffered a heavy crisis and therefore could not take part in the final stage of difficult multi-day work. For the second time, Vannikov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the presentation of the Golden Medal "Sickle and Hammer".

Vannikov received such a reward first in the USSR. In June, V. Malyshev was appointed Minister, and the first deputy minister, B., for the creation of the most advanced types of atomic weapons and the test of the first hydrogen bomb in January, Vannikov, was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for the third time. His personal contribution to the development of the latest technology was highly noted by the award of two Stalinist awards of the 1st degree, he was awarded six Orders of Lenin, Orders of Suvorov I degree, Kutuzov I degree and many medals.

In February, Vannikov became a personal pensioner of union significance. Vannikov was born in Baku in the city of Civil War, entered the Moscow Higher Technical School of the MVTU, a leading engineering university in the country. After the end of the MVTU in the city of two years later, when the People's Commissariat of the Defense Industry was divided into four commissariats, he became an arms commissar of arms [17].

In early June, Vannikov was imprisoned after a dispute with Zhdanov and Stalin about the production of artillery weapons. In the desperate first days of the war, Stalin ordered Vannikov to write a report on the production of weapons, and soon he was brought directly from prison to Stalin’s office in the Kremlin. Stalin sent him back to the People's Commissariat of Dmitry Ustinov, a new People's Commissar.Next year, Vannikov was appointed People's Commissar of Arms, and Beria, who specifically responsible for the production of weapons, ammunition and the tank industry during the war [18], controlled his work [18].

Vannikov, according to Khariton, was an excellent leader and excellent engineer, a very witty and friendly man [19]. Vannikov was confused by his responsibility. In early September, while we speak different languages. Even more precisely, they say, and I only blink with my eyes: the words are as if Russians, but I hear them for the first time, not my vocabulary [20]. Vannikov was supposed to organize a completely new industry, relying on what scientists told him, although he did not understand what they said.

But here he is powerless. You still can’t see the atom, and even more so that it is hidden inside it. But we must build on the basis of this invisible and implicit factory units, organize industrial production [21]. When Emelyanov asked Vannikov, where to start, Vannikov looked at him and said: “Do you think everything I know? If so! Why then are there so many deputies?

Boris Lvovich was a very colorful figure. A short, typical Jewish appearance, sometimes rude cynical, sometimes very sharp, and where it needed completely outstanding abilities. He served as a commissar of weapons and was arrested before the war. The war demanded from industry no less tension and heroism than from the army. There was a legend similar to the truth that in the second month of the war, when huge failures were discovered with the supply of shells, mines and just cartridges, Stalin asked Beria the fate of Vannikov.

He was quickly “healed” after his stay in Lubyanka and delivered to Stalin, who, as if nothing had happened, offered the “enemy of the people” to Vannikov the post of people's commissariat of ammunition and asked for “resentment for the incident not to keep”. So almost the entire war worked "for a couple" Vannikov and the Ustinov took its place. During the war, problems with ammunition were removed, and this is the greatest merit of Vannikov.

Therefore, it was not surprising that Stalin and Beria, despite the past and nationality of Vannikov, instructed him to lead all the work to create an atomic bomb as the head of the PSU. By the end of the year, when we began in Moscow an active work to attract specialists of enterprises and institutes to our activities, we often came across an omnipotent super -covered but very branched personnel recruitment system that pulled out the most tidbit pieces from us.

This was already working as the Vannikov system, which used the Beria apparatus in its interests.