Wat Tyler Biography

The authors thank for help in the preparation of materials A. Bazhenov A. Basiliev A. Biographical certificate, Uat Tyler, the leader of the anti -feudal uprising in England in G, by profession - a village roofer. The uprising was caused by exorbitant taxes and strong oppression by the feudal elite and royal authorities. Its main driving forces were wide peasantry and the city poor.

The rebels managed to capture London and convince the king to enter into negotiations. However, soon, during the negotiations, Wat Tyler was killed by the mayor of London. The king violated all his promises to the peasants, and the uprising was brutally suppressed by the forces of the feudal troops. Quotes “The peasants drove off the collectors of taxes and some of them killed.

The uprising immediately took a pronounced anti -feudal character. It quickly covered most of the counties of England 25 counties from peasant detachments smashed monasteries and feudal estates and burned documents that recorded peasant duties. Their special hatred was caused by church feudal lords - bishops and abbots, as well as royal judges and other representatives of the state apparatus; Their peasants considered the main culprits of the disasters of the people.

Peasants were supported by the city poor of neighboring cities. The history of the Middle Ages in two volumes. Their goal was to meet with Richard II and ask him to facilitate their position. The peasants for the most part believed in the "good king" and attributed all their troubles to his bad advisers. Contrary to the order of the mayor, the city poor did not allow to lock the gate to the rebels.

Having entered London, the peasants began to burn and destroy the houses of the most hated by the people of the royal advisers; Skipping prisons, they released prisoners. London was the power of the peasants. The king actually became their captive. They betrayed the execution as “traitors” of especially hated nobles, including the head of the English church of the Archbishop of Canterbury Sedbury, who was simultaneously the chancellor of England.

The first date of the peasants with the king took place in the London suburb of Mile end. They presented the king with the requirements called "Mile-ending program." In it, they achieved the abolition of the serfdom and corvee, the establishment of a uniform low monetary annuity of 4 pence with Akra, free trade in all cities and towns of England and amnesty for those who participated in the uprising.

The program reflected the interests of a more prosperous and moderate part of the peasantry. She did not encroach on the feudal system as a whole, but had in mind only the elimination of corvee and serfdom. The king had to agree to these requirements. Some of the peasants believed the royal word, left London. But many of the rebels, especially the poor of Kent, not satisfied with these concessions, remained in London along with Wat Tyler and John Bollah.

They demanded a new date with the king. Meanwhile, the city poor London began to replace his offenders and oppressors. The London rich were scared and began to collect forces against the rebels. The king was forced to appear a second time on a date with the peasants in Smithfield. The requirements known as the Smithfield program went much further than the Mile and end. Now the peasants demanded that the king with the abolition of “all laws”, referring mainly “working legislation”, the seizure of lands from the church and their dividing between the peasants, insisted on the return of communal lands captured by the lords.

They put forward the requirement to cancel all the privileges of lords and the equations of estates, as well as the abolition of serfdom. This program was directed against feudal exploitation, serfdom and estate system. By deception and treachery, the feudal lords managed to cope with the uprising. During the negotiations, the London mayor treacherously killed Wat Tyler.

An armed detachment of knights and wealthy citizens jumped on the revenue of the king. The peasants made promises and convinced them to go home. The peasants deprived of their leader were a second time to deceive themselves. Their last detachments left London. The knightly detachments followed the suppression of the rebellion by the peasants and defeated them. In all areas of uprising, the royal judges made a cruel reprisal.

The leaders of the uprising, including John Ball, were subjected to painful execution. The king, abandoning all his promises, sent the order so that the peasants unquestioningly fulfill all those duties in favor of the lords that they carried before the uprising.

The peculiarity of this movement was that the performances of artisans and city workers merged together with a peasant riot. The uprising had their own leaders: Wat Tyler, who demanded the abolition of the “working legislation” and the liberation of the peasants, and John Ball, the “poor priest”, who came up with an impressive formula: “When Adam was shaking, and Eve spun, who was then a nobleman?

Petrushevsky D. Uta Tyler. Essays from the history of the disposal of the feudal system in England. Goff, the birth of Europe.