Bestuzhev is a brief biography

A review of the biography of Nikolai Bestuzhev was born on April 13 in St. Petersburg in the family of a military and writer-educator Alexander Bestuzhev and a simple native of Narva. His younger brother was Alexander Bestuzhev, known for the public under the pseudonym of Marlinsky. In the year, Bestuzhev was enrolled in the sea Cadet Corps, which finished in the year and where he stayed for several years as a teacher.

In the year, he was transferred to the fleet with the rank of midshipman. He participated in the Naval campaigns to Holland, France and Gibraltar, in the year Bestuzhev was appointed the Baltic Lighthouses Warehouse in Kronstadt. In the year, he is the Admiralty Department determines him in the place of the historiographer of the Russian fleet and begins to collect materials for his “experience in the history of the Russian fleet”.

In July, he became the director of the Admiralty Museum. In addition to the naval career and classes of marine stories, Bestuzhev collaborated with a number of periodicals “Polar Star”, “Son of the Fatherland”, “Blagored”, etc. In addition, his membership in the society of encouraging artists also refers to. It is known that as a free listener, Bestuzhev attended classes of the Academy of Arts.

In the year, Bestuzhev was accepted by Kondraty Ryleyev in northern society. He is the author of the project "Manifesto to the Russian people." He brought the sea guards crew to Senate Square, was arrested on December 16 and put in the Peter and Paul Fortress. In interrogations, he distinguished himself with courage and tried not to disclose the names of other conspirators. It was called Nikolai the first “smartest man”, but was sentenced to twenty years of hard labor and an eternal settlement in Siberia.

Together with his brother Mikhail, he was sent to Siberia to Chita Ostrog, where he arrived in the year. After several movements, the brothers were determined by the settlement in the city of Selenginsk in the Irkutsk province in the year their mother moved there along with three daughters. Here Bestuzhev lived with the daughter of a local merchant Sabilaev, had two children from her.

Bestuzhev’s activity in exile amazes with its versatility and richness. He wrote near the oil portraits of his brothers in misfortune, their wives, local residents, individual landscapes. He was engaged in astronomy, meteorology, sheep breeding, growing tobacco and corn. Bestuzhev’s activity as an inventor deserves special mention: he belongs to the invention of that.

In addition, he was interested in boot, turning, jewelry and watchmanship. He collected local folk songs and fairy tales, experienced interest in Buddhism. His daughter Catherine became the wife of the brother of the local Buddhist leader. Nikolai Bestuzhev died on May 15. Creativity as a writer Nikolai Bestuzhev remained in the shadow of his popular brother, but his creative activity was extensive and fruitful.

Bestuzhev was able to prove himself in a variety of genres from fables and poems to ethnographic essays, articles in physics and mathematics. He is also the author of the first history of the state fleet, which remained unfinished and published only in the year. Bestuzhev owns notes on travel “Notes about Holland of the Year” and “Gibraltar”, unlike the previous sentimental tradition, these texts of Bestuzhev are more restrained and concrete.

One of the favorite topics in the work of Bestuzhev is the sea. The writer loves to paint it during the storm. His appeals to the harsh elements are distinguished by genre identity: among them there is a romantic story “Traveling on a boat”, and a description of the disaster “Izvestia about the Russian brigy Briga in the Finnish Gulf of Tolubukhin, the year of October 20 days”, and the essay “On pleasures at the sea”, whose clear and simple prose of criticism, including Peter Vyazemsky, including Peter.

They contrasted the ornamental excesses of the works of his brother. During the link, Bestuzhev turns to the genre of memories. He wrote memoirs about the uprising “December 14,”, first published by Herzen in the year, and “Memories of Ryleyev”. Researchers find in the alloy of the historical and fictitious spaces of Bestuzhev memoirs the example that Herzen was guided by when writing his multi -volume labor “Past and Duma”.

The novel by Bestuzhev “The Tractor Staircase”, “Funny” and “Shlisselberg Station” are written in a psychological manner. The author uses the analytical technique of narrative, which allows him to free himself from the excessive habit of style and focus on the inner life of his characters. The hero of the "tavern staircase" is considered the first reflecting personality in Russian literature.

The main topics of the works are the idealistic devotion of love and self -denial, denunciation of the emptiness of social life. The most remarkable prosaic composition of the writer is his large story “Russian in Paris of the Year”, where artistic thoughts about the national character and patriotism are combined with the exciting love affair of the Russian officer and the widow of the French colonel.Researchers emphasize the thematic proximity of the story to the novel by Mikhail Zagoskin “Roslavlev, or Russians in the year”, however, like Pushkin’s unfinished fragment on the same topic, Bestuzhev’s story can be perceived polemically in relation to Zagoskin's work.

Bestuzhev’s ethnographic works include the article “Goose Lake”, written in collaboration with Peter Kelberg. This work is considered the first natural science description of Buryatia. The collection of essays and the stories of the writer appeared only in and was called "Stories and Tales of the Old Sailor." Researchers, especially Vadim Vatsuro, indicate the typological similarity of this story with the composition of the brother of the author Alexander Bestuzhev “The Castle Neigauzen”, although it is known that “Hugo von Brakht” was written earlier and mentioned in the protocols of the free society of Russian literature lovers already in the year under the subzagolovka “Estonian tradition”.

True, in this case, we should not talk about borrowing, but about the common typical motives of the works. The latter go back to the synthesis of the traditions of the Gothic novel and the robber story: both genres were unusually popular in Russia. The novels of the Bestuzhev brothers have a significant typological resemblance to each other: an introductory description of the castle related to the activities of the robbers as in the “Eisen Castle” Alexander Bestuzhev, the motive of the betrayal of the best Keller in “Hugo” and Meya in “Neigauzen Castle”, the burial alignment, as well as in the “Eisen Castle”, and the mention of a secret judge.

These motives were sufficiently widespread in the literature of that time: for example, Vatsuro indicates the similarity of the plot model of the insidious friend and seducer of the wife, who was used in the “fascinated mirror” attributed to the slist, but, probably, the theme of the secret court, however, was imprisoned, for example, in the “House of Aspen of the Scott,” Valter's House of Walter Skott.

And in the "Kuno von Kiburg" Chokke. The contacts of the last text with Hugo von Brakht are especially notable: as a consequence of the actions of the secret court, the main characters who have previously been distinguished by nobility are hardened and begin to take revenge on humanity, which leads to sonnovy and incest. We can talk about two implementations of incest in the story: on the one hand, this imaginary incest is connected with the story of the son of Hugo Henry, who hid his feelings for his sister, but, fortunately, he found out that the girl was not her.

On the other hand, Hugo takes his son’s wife in his mistresses. The robber hero tramples all human and natural laws and probably ends with suicide. Bestuzhev uses the names of local geographical points to emphasize the local folklore nature of his history. So, in the story, the island of Saarema is demonized as a refuge of freedom -loving robbers. The ruins of the castle, as often finds in this kind of narratives, turn out to be a connecting link between the gloomy historical past and everyday reality.

If earlier the lights from the castle with deceit were bred to reefs, now the hotel is located next to the ruins, and the lights are allowed to know about the arrival of the guests. The further development of this genre is associated with the work of Alexander Bestuzhev and his followers, but Nicholas was one of the first to associate this tradition with the Estonian theme.

Boris Weisenen.