Devyatayev Mordovia biography

The project "Real Time" about the famous "brands" of Tatarstan. Part 5 photo: Realnoevremya. After the war before his death in M. Devyataev lived in Kazan. So the hero can rightfully be considered a symbol, a brand of the republic. Torbeevo - Kazan - Penemyund formally nine - the brand is not quite “Tatarstan”. By nationality, he is Moksha, born in the village of Torbeevo, this is modern Mordovia.

His Kazan history began in the year, when the summer guy, fearing criminal prosecution for the collection of spikelets on the field, fled to Kazan - barefoot and even without documents. Somehow he managed to enter the River College, where the guy was also engaged in the aero club. In the year in Kazan, he met his future wife - Fausia Muratov, but they got married only in metro, until he was drafted into the army, Mikhail worked as an assistant to the captain of the barcas on the Volga.

In the year, Devyataev graduated from the first Chkalovsky Military Aviation School of Pilots named after Voroshilov - he was going to connect his further life with a service in the ranks of the Red Army. And then the war broke out. Since June 22, the pilot was in the army and already on the third day of the war shot down his first enemy aircraft - it was the fascist “Junkers” near Minsk.

Until September 16, the summer pilot destroyed nine enemy aircraft, he had sorties. Therefore, he ended up in the hospital, after which the medical commission sent him to low -proceedings - Devyatayev served in a night bomber regiment, then in sanitary aviation. And only in May, after meeting with the famous Pokryshkin, he returned to fighter aviation again.

For two months he mastered a new type of aircraft, but on July 14, he shot down his tenth plane under Lviv and was shot down on his own. Devyataev left a falling plane with a parachute, and when jumping hit his head on the stabilizer of the aircraft. He landed already unconscious, he was captured. The loss of consciousness subsequently saved him from repressions: as Alexander Devyataev’s son said, the military Soviet pilots should not have been captured in any case - their task was to be able to shoot themselves before this happened.

For this, they had a personal weapon. But since the pilot was captured in an unconscious state, there was no violation of the instructions. Then there were several concentration camps in a row. First, in Lodzi - from there on August 13, Devyatayev tried to escape, but was caught and sent to the death camp of Zasenhausen. There he would be executed, but the camp hairdresser, the former Soviet tankman replaced his patch on the camp robe - so the fattener pilot turned into a penaltyman.

The strip belonged to Stepan Nikitenko, who died in the camp the day before. Under this name, Ninatayev was sent to a concentration camp on the island of Uzedom. There, in the Penemuund missile center, they developed FAU-1 cruise missiles and ballistic FAU-2. And on February 8, Devyataev, at the head of a group of 10 prisoners of war, stole a German bomber and flew towards the location of the Soviet troops.

The fighter was sent after him, but he could not find the fugitives. The stolen plane could not bring down the German air AS Walter Dal, returning from the task - he simply had nothing to shoot. Here, the German bomber, which is quite logical, tried to bring down, but Ninatayev managed to land the plane. From one war - to another about the feat of Mikhail Devyataev, every Tatarstan edition wrote, a timing of events was restored in minutes, and a dozen films were released about this.

Devyataev was a famous man, every decent Soviet pioneer knew his story, and the Soviet Tataria was proud of its famous resident. But this was far from right away, and there was a rather big probability that the incredible act of the great pilot from the general public would not be known at all. So Devyataev again ended up in Zakenhausen, but already under the protection of relatives, Soviet shepherds and escorts.

In the filtration camp, the pilot spent 8 months until the Encavedeshniki finally became convinced: the pilot was not a traitor, the German bomber honestly stole, the Germans did not send him. But the poison of mistrust permeated the life of Devyataev for another twelve years. But from captivity, Ninatayev delivered the most valuable information about the classified center of assembly of missiles on Penemunda.

In September, the Great Korolev met with him, the pilot understood this only after the war, when he found out that the queen was “hidden” under the surname Sergeyev - he called in Penemund for consultation. In the supply of Devyataev, they fired in November. He returned to Kazan, to the house of his wife’s parents - he said that before that he wrote a letter to them in which he said: “I am from captivity.

Will you accept me? But the Muratovs accepted the son -in -law. He was not taken to work for a long time - and Ninatayev risked getting to the camps already for parasitism. No one wanted to contact the former prisoner of war - the post -war wave of repression did not spare anyone. Devyataev himself recalled that his acquaintances, seeing him, crossed to the other side of the street, if only they would not have to say hello and talk with him ...

But then they took him to the river port to work at the station at the station, and then he became a mechanical captain.Swiming on a service boat. From the year he drove the barrier "light". And he continued to be dangerous, disrespectful of a social element, soaring in a fascist captivity. They already had three children - two boys and a daughter, a former pilot worked and lived very modestly.

Just at that time, Nikita Khrushchev, who perfectly understood how much tragic destinies lies in the vasts of the Soviet Union after the orders of its predecessor, ordered to look for forgotten heroes throughout the country. The editors of the newspaper Krasnaya Tataria gave an appropriate order to its journalist Jan Vinetskoy, who at one time was a pilot. He found Devyataev through the military registration and enlistment office, came to him in a basement on Lesgaft Street, where the family lived, and after a long conversation was simply shocked.

The essay that he wrote was called “courage”, and “Red Tataria” refused to publish it - too dangerous information was contained in it. But the Literary Gazeta thought for three months, but still published. And the next day, the whole country knew that he had created an unknown Kazan mechanic. Then there was a series of publications in the newspaper Soviet Aviation - a whole cycle of eight articles.

And the whole country was perplexed: why did this man not receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union? But the information about this is too scarce. The family was given a three -room apartment, and Devyataev began the life of the hero. To hug their enemy according to numerous testimonies of people who knew Devyataev and his family personally, he was a modest person. He loved to work, the matter in his hands was arguing.

He carried his heroic title with dignity: he did not stick himself out, did not like to sit on the presidium, never refused schoolchildren who came to his house with drums and mountains for every holiday. By the way, he could abandon this function and not to let the pioneers go home - but he said: "Probably, this is very necessary." And in the morning, on every holiday, he took one delegation after another.

In the river port, Devyataev worked before a year: then, due to health reasons, he was forced to retire and, until his death in the year, carry the honorary function of the hero. It was Devyatayev who experienced one of the first Soviet vessels on the underwater wings - the legendary "rocket". It was he who became the first captain of the no less legendary Meteor ship, which was collected in Zelenodolsk.

It would seem that the country unanimously forgot how she spat in his face for ten years, as he “pickled” him, who escaped from fascist captivity, in a filtration camp. And as soon as a miracle, his story swam out thanks to a meticulous journalist. But at first, Ninatayev, out of natural modesty, did not want to talk to him-the wife persuaded, the man came, the time spent ... An interesting fact: Mikhail Devyataev met in Penemunda with the very German fighter pilot, who was sent after him in Penemunda.

They say he hugged him. Monuments to Mikhail Devyataev and his feat are in different cities of Russia. Of course, one of them stands in his native Torbeevo. Monuments “Escape from Hell” are in Vologda, Saransk and Poltava. But Kazan, where the hero lived for so many years and which became his second homeland, there is no monument. There is only a bust on the hero’s grave in the Arsky cemetery.

In the year, by the centenary of Devyataev, it was decided to establish a full -fledged monument in Kazan. For him, they even found a place - in the river port, with a view of the Volga that Mikhail Petrovich loved so much. But at the last moment it turned out that in the selected place “fire pipes” pass, and therefore it is strongly impossible to put the sculpture here.

So they would cost a bust on the grave in Pantheon in the Victory Park and the memorial board on the facade of the former river technical school now - the Kazan branch of the Volga State University of Water Transport. And when they opened the Uraam extreme park, it turned out that graffiti with a portrait of Devyataev was drawn on one of the columns on its territory-that means that young people remember!

But there is still no full monument, and it is not clear whether it will be. But Timur Bekmambetov, having heard about this story, shot the film “Nineyans”, where, with a great degree of historical reliability, he reproduced events with the shoot of the Drait of Truth, introducing the antagonist for drama, which was not in reality. As a consultant, Alexander Devyataev, the son of the hero, was invited - he made sure that the film did not turn into another collection of myths, memes and other bouquets of a hanging cranberry.

The picture was a noticeable event on the domestic cinematic sky. The whole country again remembered the feat of Devyataev, the hero’s son gave a dozen interviews about the events of the year, and Mikhail Petrovich again found the status of the brand. Still, he was the only one who stole a plane from fascist captivity, not being a traitor to his homeland-without accepting a German oath.

The remaining six Soviet pilots who managed to escape from captivity on stolen aircraft were still formally not by Soviet pilots-they took the oath and were considered employees of the Luftwaffe. For this, the Stalin’s homeland, of course, gave it out in full. And the monument to Devyataev is now there. That is, nowhere - he never. The last thing that was heard about perpetuating the memory of the legendary pilot was that in April, 12 trees were planted near the river port in memory of him.

Lyudmila Gubaeva.