Download Brodsky biography

Others scream: - Brodsky, more! In the year, Rhine introduced Joseph Anna Akhmatova. The court and world glory in the year after the performance at the Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU of the First Secretary of the Central Committee of Nikita Khrushchev among young people began to eradicate “a lezokok, moral cripples and whiners” writing on “bird jargon of loafers and arrears”.

Joseph Brodsky became the target, which by this time was delayed by law enforcement agencies twice: for the first time for publication in the Syntax manuscript journal, in the second - according to the denunciation of a friend. He himself did not like to remember those events, because he believed: the biography of the poet is only "in his vowels and hissing, in his meters, rhymes and metaphors." In the newspaper "Evening Leningrad" dated November 29, an article "Current Trucks" appeared, the authors of which stigmatized Brodsky, quoting not his poems and juggling invented facts about him.

He was accused of parasitism, although by this time his poems were regularly printed in children's magazines, publishers ordered him translations. The whole world learned about the details of the process thanks to the Moscow journalist Frida Vigdorova, who was present in the courtroom.

Vigdorova’s entries were transferred to the west and fell into the press. Judge: What are you doing? Brodsky: I write poetry. I suppose ... Judge: no "I suppose." Stand properly! Do not lean against the walls! Brodsky: I thought it was a constant job. Judge: Answer for sure! Brodsky: I wrote poetry! I thought they would be printed. I suppose ... Judge: We are not interested in "I believe." Answer why you didn't work?

Brodsky: I worked. I wrote poetry. Judge: We are not interested in this ... The poet Natalya Grudinina and prominent Leningrad philologists and translators Efim Etkind and Vladimir Admoni acted witnesses. They tried to convince the court that literary work could not be equated with parasitism, and transfers published by Brodsky were made at a high professional level. Witnesses of the prosecution were not familiar with Brodsky and his work: among them were the manager, military, worker-pipe, pensioner and teacher of Marxism-Leninism.

The representative of the Writers' Union also acted on the side of the prosecution. The verdict was severe: expulsion from Leningrad for five years with mandatory involvement in work. Brodsky settled in the village of Norenskaya Arkhangelsk region. He worked at the state farm, and in his free time he read a lot, became interested in English poetry and began to learn English. Frida Vigdorova and writer Lydia Chukovskaya bared about the early return of the poet from exile.

In September, Joseph Brodsky was officially released. In the same year, the Russian poet and an American citizen in the United States published the first collection of Brodsky poems, prepared without the knowledge of the author based on Samizdat materials transported to the West. The next book, “Stop in the Desert”, was published in New York in the year-it is considered the first authorized publication of Brodsky.

After the poet’s exile, they enrolled in a certain “professional group” under the Union of Writers, which allowed to avoid further suspicions of parasitism. But in their homeland only his children's poems were printed, sometimes orders for translaages of poetry or literary processing of dubbing to films were given. At the same time, the circle of foreign Slavists, journalists and publishers, with whom Brodsky communicated personally and by correspondence, became wider.

In May, he was called to OVIR and offered to leave the country in order to avoid new persecution. Typically, the paperwork for departure from the Soviet Union occupied from six months to a year, but they issued a visa for Brodsky in 12 days. In Leningrad, his parents, friends, former lover of Marianna Basmanov, who are dedicated to almost the entire love lyrics of Brodsky, and their son, remained in Leningrad.

In Vienna, the poet was met by American publisher Karl Proffer. According to his patronage, Brodsky offered a place at the University of Michigan. The position was called Poet-In-ReSidence literally: “The poet in the presence” and suggested communication with students as an invited writer. In the year, Brodsky received American citizenship. During his lifetime, five poetic collections were published, containing translations from Russian into English and verses written by him in English.

But in the West, Brodsky became famous primarily as the author of numerous essays. He defined himself as a "Russian poet, an English -language essayist and, of course, an American citizen." A model of his mature Russian -language creativity was the poems included in the collections “Part of Speech” and “Urania” in the year of Joseph Brodsky awarded the Nobel Prize in literature with the wording “For the comprehensive literary activity that differs in clarity of thought and poetic intensity”.

In the year, Brodsky took up the post of US Laureate poet, consultant of the Congress library and launched the American Poetry and Literacy program to spread cheap volumes of verses among the population. In the year, the poet married an Italian with Russian roots of Maria Socialsi, but only five and a half years were released their happy union. In January, Joseph Brodsky was gone.He was buried in one of his favorite cities-Venice, in an old cemetery on the island of San Mickel.

In publications.