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The Twardowski family was large: in addition to the future writer, four of his brothers and two sisters grew in it. Parents brought up a love of Russian culture and literature in children: the father often read the works of classics aloud to them - A. Pushkin, N. Gogol, M. Lermontov, L. Tolstoy, N. From childhood, Alexander Tvardovsky felt an interest in creativity: he composed his first poems, not yet learned to read and write.

From his youth he became interested in journalism: in the year, a teenager published the first newspaper notes. A year later, in the newspaper Smolensk Village, the first poem of the summer poet “New Bay” was printed. A literary mentor, and a close friend of Tvardovsky, became the editor of one of the local newspapers M. Isakovsky - it was to him that the young Twardowski showed his first poems.

In the year, Alexander joined the Association of Proletarian Writers. Soon he declared himself as a professional writer, releasing more than a hundred poems, a poem and even a book of poems by a year. Having entered the Smolensk Pedagogical Institute in the year, in the year Twardowski decided to move to the capital. There he transferred to the Moscow Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History, which he graduated in the year.

By this time, he had already taken place as a poet and received official recognition - he was awarded the Order of Lenin, a high and honorary awards.

During the Soviet-Finnish war-cg. Tvardovsky worked as a military correspondent in the Red Army newspaper of the Leningrad Military District “On guard of the Motherland”. It was here that as a result of the collective work of the editorial office, the Red Army soldier Vasily Terkin was first born as a character. During the Great Patriotic War, Lieutenant Colonel Twardowski is again in the army-first in the newspaper Red Army, the South-Western Front, then in the newspaper of the Western later 3rd Belorussian Front, Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda, with which he ended the war in East Prussia.

On the pages of these newspapers for the first time, episodes of the most famous poem of Twardowski appeared - bright and lively poetic stories about the exploits of soldier Vasily Terkin, which quickly brought the author popular fame. They were reprinted with great hunting central publications. In the postwar years, Alexander Trifonovich continued his literary and journalistic activity.

In the year, he became the editor -in -chief of the New World magazine - one of the oldest "fat" domestic literary magazines. In the hands of Twardowski's “New World”, he turned into the most liberal of the superconsier's editions of that time, and the editor -in -chief himself became a guide to the world of great literature for many now famous writers.

The works that criticize Stalinism and the Soviet bureaucratic structure as a whole, including the authorship of Tvardovsky himself, could not go unnoticed, and in the year the decision of the CPSU Central Committee was removed from the post of chief editor. However, a few years later he was again offered to lead the magazine, and from the GG. Tvardovsky himself acted as a competent mentor, a careful, attentive and sensitive editor for young authors and a defender for experienced but not loving love of writers' authorities.

Tvardovsky was not afraid to fight censorship and defend the right of talented authors for publication. With the advent of L. Brezhnev, Alexander Twardowski and his magazine were severely criticized and even in the press. These events blew up the writer’s health, and after a few months he was gone. The work of Alexander Twardowski Tvardovsky worked in a realistic direction traditional for Soviet literature.

His work combined the stylistic clarity, the venality of the syllable, the energy and liveliness of the plots with subtle and soulful lyricism. The poems and poems of Twardowski have become truly folk literature, understandable and close to each reader. Early works by Alexander Twardowski, written in the x. In them, the author supported the Stalinist collectivization at the very time when his own parents and brothers were dispossessed and sent to exile, and their poor small farm was burned.

Over the years, not only the author’s attitude to Soviet politics and its leaders has changed, but also his understanding of the role and tasks of artistic texts. Tvardovsky gradually abandoned the excessive ideologization of his works. In his most famous poem “Vasily Terkin” there are not only references to I. Stalin, but in general any ideological references. The image of the most famous hero of Twardowski was born during the Soviet-Finnish war.

The character of small poetic scenes and comics soon became a cult hero for wartime readers, and above all, for front -line soldiers who recognize themselves and comrades in a simple soldier. The heads of the poem, published in the front -line newspapers, were united only by the central character and the general style of the text, while each possessed a finished plot: the author quite justified that any part of the poem could become the last for himself and for any of his readers.In the year, for the poem “Vasily Terkin”, Tvardovsky was awarded the Stalin Prize of the 1st degree-the highest at that time from among those awarded in the USSR for achievements in the field of literature and art.

In total, the writer was awarded the highest state prizes of the country five times. The later texts of Tvardovsky were marked by a critical view of Soviet reality. So, the poem “Terkin in the next world” was an acute satire on the bureaucratic structure of the USSR and on the ideology of the Cold War. The publication of this work was prohibited, and Tvardovsky himself precisely because of it for the first time lost the position of editor-in-chief of the New World.

The family and personal life of Alexander Tvardovsky Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was married to Maria Illarionovna Gorelova - whom he met in the Institute Library in Smolensk. Their union turned out to be long and happy, through their whole life the spouses carried love, devotion and a reverent, tender attitude towards each other. For four decades, Maria Illarionovna became the closest assistant, a friend, support and support in any difficulties.

A woeful test in the personal life of Alexander Twardowski and his wife was the death of their one -year -old son Alexander. Two daughters, Valentine and Olga grew up in the family. Valentina Aleksandrovna Tvardovsky clan. Both daughters of the writer have done a lot to publish his father's heritage. His brothers and sisters took a great part in maintaining the memory of Tvardovsky - so, they on their own restored the home -burned home on the Zagorian farm, where the Alexander Trifonovich Museum was subsequently organized.

The death and funeral of Alexander Tvardovsky shortly after the dissolution of the editorial office of the New World and dismissal from the post of editor -in -chief Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky suffered a heavy stroke. During the treatment during the examination, doctors found his lung cancer in severe form. Paralysis, lack of speech and quickly progressed oncological disease have made the last months of the writer's life unbearably painful.

The death of Tvardovsky occurred on December 18. The writer’s grave is at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. Bibliography Bibliography of the works of Alexander Tvardovsky contains mainly poems and numerous poems, among which we will call the most famous ones. Tales, stories and essays:.